Glossary
Glossary
Clear definitions of key terms used in international food trade, processing, logistics and quality standards for agricultural products.
- Plain-language definitions
- Grouped by category
- Kept up to date
Popular Terms
The abbreviations buyers and suppliers use most often.
Browse by Category
- agriculture28
- Allergen Management5
- beekeeping23
- Berries13
- Certifications & Standards37
- Cold Chain49
- commercial60
- customs39
- Drying & Dehydration44
- eu-regulation68
- Export Procedures26
- Food Safety91
- Freezing & Frozen Products46
- fruit-processing40
- grain-milling27
- herbs-spices-processing29
- Honey Quality32
- juice-concentrate25
- Knowledge
- lab-testing65
- labelling45
- Logistics62
- Market Trends4
- Markets8
All Terms
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CHED
CHED is the Common Health Entry Document, an electronic record completed in TRACES NT for consignments subject to official controls…
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Chilled Storage
Chilled storage is the holding of perishable product at temperatures above freezing, typically in a range that slows but does…
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CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)
Cost, Insurance and Freight is an Incoterms 2020 rule for sea and inland waterway transport under which the seller pays…
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Circular Economy
A circular economy is an economic model that keeps materials and products in use for as long as possible, minimising…
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Claim Deadline
A claim deadline is the contractual period within which a buyer must notify a seller of defects after delivery, often…
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Cloud Stability
Cloud stability is the ability of a cloudy juice or nectar to maintain its suspended particles in uniform distribution without…
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Clumping
Clumping defect is a frozen-product fault in which individual pieces adhere into lumps, caused by slow freezing, partial thawing or…
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CMR
CMR is the international road consignment note governed by the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods…
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CMR Waybill
The CMR waybill is the standard consignment note for international road freight governed by the Convention on the Contract for…
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Codex Alimentarius
The Codex Alimentarius is the collection of international food standards, guidelines and codes of practice developed jointly by FAO and…
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Cold Chain
The cold chain is the uninterrupted series of temperature-controlled storage and transport steps — from freezing or harvest through storage,…
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Cold Chain Monitoring
Cold chain monitoring is the systematic measurement and recording of temperature conditions throughout storage and transport, enabling verification that product…
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Cold Room
A cold room is an insulated, mechanically refrigerated storage chamber, ranging from small walk-in units to large warehouse cells, maintained…
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Cold Storage
Cold storage is the controlled low-temperature holding of perishable or temperature-sensitive product between processing and dispatch, encompassing both frozen and…
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Cold-Induced Sweetening
Cold-induced sweetening is the accumulation of reducing sugars in potato tubers stored at low temperatures, which causes dark fry colour…
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Cold-Pressed Oil
Cold-pressed oil is vegetable oil obtained solely by mechanical pressing at a temperature low enough to preserve natural flavour, colour…
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Colour Measurement
Colour measurement quantifies product colour with instruments such as colorimeters or spectrophotometers, expressed in systems like CIE L*a*b*. For fruit,…
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Colour Sorting
Colour sorting by optical detection is the process of separating food commodities into accepted and rejected streams based on colour…
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Comb Honey
Comb honey is honey presented and sold inside sealed sections of natural beeswax comb, as stored by bees, and is…
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Combined Nomenclature
The Combined Nomenclature is the EU’s eight-digit goods classification system, built on the six-digit Harmonized System and established by Regulation…
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Commercial Invoice
The commercial invoice is the seller’s billing document describing the goods, quantities, unit prices, total value, currency, delivery terms and…
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Composting
Composting is a controlled aerobic decomposition process that converts organic residues such as fruit trimmings, pomace and vegetable hulls into…
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Compound Ingredient Labelling
Compound ingredient labelling is the requirement under Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 to list the component ingredients of a compound ingredient…
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Concentration Factor
The concentration factor is the ratio expressing how many parts of single-strength juice were reduced to one part of concentrate,…
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Conductivity (Electrical)
Electrical conductivity of honey is a measure of its mineral content, expressed in milliSiemens per centimetre, used in trade to…
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Consignment Stock
Consignment stock is inventory held at a buyer’s or third-party location where legal ownership remains with the supplier until the…
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Container
A container is a standardised steel intermodal transport unit, most commonly in twenty-foot or forty-foot lengths, used to move food…
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Container Shipping
Container shipping is the movement of standardised intermodal boxes by sea, and for frozen or chilled food it relies on…
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Contaminant
A contaminant is any substance not intentionally added to food that is present as a result of production, processing, storage…
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Contaminants Regulation
Contaminants Regulation refers to Regulation (EU) 2023/915, which sets maximum levels for contaminants including mycotoxins, heavy metals and process contaminants…
How the glossary works
The glossary defines the vocabulary used across the rest of the site: trade terms, processing terms, quality parameters, certification acronyms and logistics jargon. It exists so that the guides and specification pages can use precise language without stopping to explain it every time.
Definitions, not explanations
A glossary entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it is frequently confused with. It does not walk through how to apply the concept – that is what the guides are for, and each entry links to the guide that does the work. Keeping the two apart is what stops the glossary turning into a second, worse copy of the knowledge base.
Where the definition comes from
Where a term is defined in law or in a published standard, the entry uses that definition and names the source. Where a term is industry usage with no governing text – and a great deal of trade vocabulary is exactly that – the entry says so, and describes the range of ways the term is used rather than inventing an authority for one of them.
Linking discipline
A glossary term is linked on its first mention in an article and nowhere else. That rule exists because a page with the same term linked nine times is harder to read and no more useful. If you land on an article mid-way and meet an unfamiliar term with no link, it was linked further up the page, and it is here.
Abbreviations are spelled out once
An entry gives the full form of an acronym before it uses it, even when the acronym is the form everyone says out loud. IQF, MOQ, FCL, MRL and HS code all have an entry under the abbreviation and, where a reader would search for it, under the spelled-out term as well. The second slug is a redirect and not a second definition, so there is never a duplicate text to keep in step with the first one.
When a definition changes
Definitions taken from a regulation or from a certification scheme change when the source changes, and the entry is then rewritten rather than annotated. The review date at the foot of each entry says when the source was last read. If you are quoting a definition in a contract or in a specification, quote the source document and not this page: a glossary is a place to understand a term, not a place to cite it.
Same word, different trade
Several terms mean different things in different parts of the supply chain. Grade, class, lot and batch are the usual offenders, and the difference between a processor’s usage and a retailer’s usage has consequences in a specification. Where that happens, the entry gives both readings instead of quietly choosing one.
Start here
Three entry points that answer most first visits to this section.
Browse A to Z
The full index, jumpable by letter.
Questions
When you need the reasoning rather than the definition.
Guides
The long-form articles the definitions support.
Common questions about this section
How many terms are in the glossary?
Several hundred, and the count changes as new material is published. Use the letter index or the search box rather than scrolling.
Why is a term I searched for missing?
Either it has not been written yet or it is filed under a different form of the word. Request it through the contact page and it goes onto the list.
Are the definitions legally authoritative?
Where a definition is taken from a regulation or a standard, the source is named and that source is authoritative. Where the term is industry usage, the entry describes practice and says so.
Can I reuse a definition in my own documents?
For internal use, yes. If you are publishing it, quote a short passage and link back rather than republishing the entry.
