Skip to content
  • Delivering Ukrainian agricultural products to the world
  • Verified information
  • Reliable data
  • Independent platform

Glossary

Glossary

Clear definitions of key terms used in international food trade, processing, logistics and quality standards for agricultural products.

  • Plain-language definitions
  • Grouped by category
  • Kept up to date

Popular Terms

The abbreviations buyers and suppliers use most often.

All Terms

  • Certificate of Origin

    A certificate of origin is an official document confirming the country where the goods were produced. It is required by…

  • CHED

    The Common Health Entry Document, or CHED, is the electronic document completed in TRACES NT for consignments subject to official…

  • Chilled Storage

    Chilled storage keeps product at temperatures above freezing, typically 0 to +4 °C, slowing but not stopping microbial growth and…

  • CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)

    CIF is an Incoterms 2020 rule for sea and inland waterway transport under which the seller pays costs and freight…

  • Circular Economy

    A circular economy keeps materials and products in use for as long as possible, minimising waste through reuse, recycling and…

  • Claim Deadline

    The claim deadline is the contractual period within which a buyer must notify defects after delivery, often differentiated between visible…

  • Cloud Stability

    Cloud stability describes a cloudy juice’s ability to keep its suspended particles evenly distributed without clarifying or sedimenting. It depends…

  • Clumping

    Clumping is a frozen-product defect in which individual pieces stick together into lumps. It is caused by slow freezing, partial…

  • CMR

    Convention relative au contrat de transport international de marchandises par route — the international road consignment

  • CMR Waybill

    The CMR waybill is the standard consignment note for international road transport in Europe under the CMR Convention. It records…

  • Codex Alimentarius

    The Codex Alimentarius is the collection of international food standards, guidelines and codes of practice developed jointly by FAO and…

  • Cold Chain

    The cold chain is the uninterrupted series of temperature-controlled storage and transport steps — from freezing or harvest through storage,…

  • Cold Chain Monitoring

    Cold chain monitoring is the continuous measurement and recording of product or air temperature across storage and transport, using data…

  • Cold Room

    A cold room is an insulated, refrigerated storage space, from small walk-in units to large warehouse chambers, set to a…

  • Cold Storage

    Cold storage is the holding of perishable product under controlled low temperature between processing and dispatch. For quick-frozen fruit the…

  • Cold-Induced Sweetening

    Cold-induced sweetening is the accumulation of reducing sugars when potatoes are stored at low temperature. It causes dark fry colour…

  • Cold-Pressed Oil

    Cold-pressed oil is obtained by mechanical pressing without external heat, keeping pressing temperatures low to preserve flavour, colour and natural…

  • Colour Measurement

    Colour measurement quantifies product colour with instruments such as colorimeters or spectrophotometers, expressed in systems like CIE L*a*b*. For fruit,…

  • Colour Sorting

    Colour sorting separates fruit by ripeness colour using optical sorters with product-specific programmes. It is important for berries and stone…

  • Comb Honey

    Comb honey is honey sold as it was stored by bees, inside sealed sections of honeycomb. It is a premium…

  • Combined Nomenclature

    The Combined Nomenclature is the EU’s eight-digit goods classification system, built on the six-digit Harmonized System and set out in…

  • Commercial Invoice

    The commercial invoice is the seller’s billing document describing the goods, quantities, unit prices, total value, currency, delivery terms and…

  • Composting

    Composting converts organic residues such as fruit and vegetable trimmings, pomace and hulls into stable humus-rich material through controlled aerobic…

  • Compound Ingredient Labelling

    A compound ingredient is an ingredient that is itself made of several ingredients, and its components must be listed in…

  • Concentration Factor

    The concentration factor expresses how many parts of single-strength juice were reduced to one part of concentrate, for example 6:1…

  • Conductivity (Electrical)

    Electrical conductivity of honey, measured in milliSiemens per centimetre, reflects its mineral content and is used to distinguish honey types.…

  • Consignment Stock

    Consignment stock is inventory held at the customer’s or a third-party location while ownership remains with the supplier until the…

  • Container

    In shipping, a container is a standardised steel transport unit, most commonly 20-foot or 40-foot. Dry containers carry shelf-stable goods;…

  • Container Shipping

    Container shipping moves standardised containers by sea, with reefer containers used for frozen and chilled food. Booking reefer capacity requires…

  • Contaminant

    A contaminant is any substance not intentionally added to food that is present as a result of production, processing, storage…

How the glossary works

The glossary defines the vocabulary used across the rest of the site: trade terms, processing terms, quality parameters, certification acronyms and logistics jargon. It exists so that the guides and specification pages can use precise language without stopping to explain it every time.

Definitions, not explanations

A glossary entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it is frequently confused with. It does not walk through how to apply the concept – that is what the guides are for, and each entry links to the guide that does the work. Keeping the two apart is what stops the glossary turning into a second, worse copy of the knowledge base.

Where the definition comes from

Where a term is defined in law or in a published standard, the entry uses that definition and names the source. Where a term is industry usage with no governing text – and a great deal of trade vocabulary is exactly that – the entry says so, and describes the range of ways the term is used rather than inventing an authority for one of them.

Linking discipline

A glossary term is linked on its first mention in an article and nowhere else. That rule exists because a page with the same term linked nine times is harder to read and no more useful. If you land on an article mid-way and meet an unfamiliar term with no link, it was linked further up the page, and it is here.

Abbreviations are spelled out once

An entry gives the full form of an acronym before it uses it, even when the acronym is the form everyone says out loud. IQF, MOQ, FCL, MRL and HS code all have an entry under the abbreviation and, where a reader would search for it, under the spelled-out term as well. The second slug is a redirect and not a second definition, so there is never a duplicate text to keep in step with the first one.

When a definition changes

Definitions taken from a regulation or from a certification scheme change when the source changes, and the entry is then rewritten rather than annotated. The review date at the foot of each entry says when the source was last read. If you are quoting a definition in a contract or in a specification, quote the source document and not this page: a glossary is a place to understand a term, not a place to cite it.

Same word, different trade

Several terms mean different things in different parts of the supply chain. Grade, class, lot and batch are the usual offenders, and the difference between a processor’s usage and a retailer’s usage has consequences in a specification. Where that happens, the entry gives both readings instead of quietly choosing one.

Start here

Three entry points that answer most first visits to this section.

Browse A to Z

The full index, jumpable by letter.

Questions

When you need the reasoning rather than the definition.

Guides

The long-form articles the definitions support.

Common questions about this section

How many terms are in the glossary?

Several hundred, and the count changes as new material is published. Use the letter index or the search box rather than scrolling.

Why is a term I searched for missing?

Either it has not been written yet or it is filed under a different form of the word. Request it through the contact page and it goes onto the list.

Are the definitions legally authoritative?

Where a definition is taken from a regulation or a standard, the source is named and that source is authoritative. Where the term is industry usage, the entry describes practice and says so.

Can I reuse a definition in my own documents?

For internal use, yes. If you are publishing it, quote a short passage and link back rather than republishing the entry.

Where to go next

Questions

Short answers to specific problems.

Guides

End-to-end walkthroughs of decisions.

Standards

Where the certification acronyms are unpacked.

Products

Specification pages using this vocabulary.

Vorezan provides informational and analytical content about agricultural products, markets, logistics and standards. We do not act as a seller, broker or guarantor of product quality or transactions.