Glossary
Glossary
Clear definitions of key terms used in international food trade, processing, logistics and quality standards for agricultural products.
- Plain-language definitions
- Grouped by category
- Kept up to date
Popular Terms
The abbreviations buyers and suppliers use most often.
Browse by Category
- agriculture26
- Allergen Management3
- beekeeping23
- Berries15
- Certifications & Standards41
- Cold Chain53
- commercial57
- customs44
- Drying & Dehydration40
- eu-regulation70
- Export Procedures31
- Food Safety86
- Freezing & Frozen Products44
- fruit-processing42
- grain-milling23
- herbs-spices-processing27
- Honey Quality32
- juice-concentrate25
- Knowledge
- lab-testing55
- labelling44
- Logistics71
- Market Trends3
- Markets6
All Terms
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Aerobic Plate Count
The aerobic plate count estimates the total number of viable aerobic microorganisms in a sample by culturing dilutions on agar.…
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Aflatoxin
Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus on nuts, dried fruit and grains…
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Aflatoxin Testing
Aflatoxin testing quantifies aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, potent carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus moulds. EU maximum levels apply…
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Aflatoxins in Nuts
Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites produced by moulds that can contaminate nuts in the field and in storage. The EU sets…
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Agroecology
Agroecology applies ecological principles to farming, designing production systems that work with natural processes such as nutrient cycling, biological pest…
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Air Freight
Air freight is the transport of cargo by aircraft. It is the fastest but most expensive mode and is used…
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Air-Blast Freezing
Air-blast freezing is a method in which cold air, typically at −30 to −40 °C, is blown at high velocity…
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Allergen Control
Allergen control is the set of measures preventing unintended presence of allergenic substances, such as gluten, nuts or sesame, in…
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Allergen Labelling
Allergen labelling highlights the fourteen listed allergens present in a food, which must be emphasised in the ingredients list, for…
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Alveograph
The Chopin alveograph inflates a dough bubble and records its resistance and extensibility, producing parameters such as tenacity (P), extensibility…
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Ambient Storage
Ambient storage means keeping product at normal surrounding temperature without active cooling, typically around 15–25 °C. It suits shelf-stable products…
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American Foulbrood
American foulbrood is a highly contagious bacterial disease of bee brood caused by Paenibacillus larvae, destroying larvae and producing spores…
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Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic digestion breaks down organic waste in sealed vessels without oxygen, producing biogas for energy and digestate for use as…
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Antinutritional Factors
Antinutritional factors are naturally occurring compounds in pulses, such as phytates, tannins, lectins and trypsin inhibitors, that reduce nutrient availability…
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Apiary
An apiary is a site where beehives are kept, ranging from a few colonies in a farmyard to large commercial…
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Arbitration Clause
An arbitration clause commits disputes to arbitration rather than court proceedings, specifying the institution, seat, language and number of arbitrators.…
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Aroma Recovery
Aroma recovery captures volatile flavour compounds stripped off during evaporation and returns them to the concentrate or stores them separately.…
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Aseptic Bag-in-Box
Aseptic bag-in-box packs juices and purees into sterile multilayer bags inside protective boxes or drums, typically from 20 to 1000…
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Aseptic Processing
Aseptic processing sterilises a liquid product by short high-heat treatment and fills it into pre-sterilised containers under sterile conditions. It…
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Ash Content Testing
Ash content testing determines the mineral residue remaining after incinerating a sample at high temperature. In flours, sugars and fruit…
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ASTA Colour Value
The ASTA colour value quantifies the colour intensity of paprika by spectrophotometric measurement of its carotenoid pigments. Higher values indicate…
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Automated Storage and Retrieval
Automated storage and retrieval systems use cranes, shuttles or conveyors controlled by software to store and retrieve loads without manual…
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Backhaul
Backhaul is the return journey of a vehicle after delivering its primary load. Using backhaul capacity for compatible cargo reduces…
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Baker’s Honey
Baker’s honey is the EU legal designation for honey that does not fully meet the table-honey composition criteria, for example…
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Batch Management
Batch management records and tracks goods in defined production or receipt batches, each with its own identifiers, dates and quality…
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Bee Colony
A bee colony is the social unit of honey bees living in one hive, comprising a single queen, tens of…
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Bee Feeding
Bee feeding supplies colonies with sugar syrup or fondant when natural forage is insufficient, typically in early spring, after harvest…
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Bee Forage
Bee forage is the nectar and pollen source available to bees in the landscape around an apiary. Forage diversity and…
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Bee Pollen Collection
Bee pollen collection uses entrance traps that strip pollen pellets from returning forager bees, which are then gathered, cleaned and…
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Bee Swarming
Swarming is the natural reproduction of a bee colony in which the old queen leaves with a portion of the…
How the glossary works
The glossary defines the vocabulary used across the rest of the site: trade terms, processing terms, quality parameters, certification acronyms and logistics jargon. It exists so that the guides and specification pages can use precise language without stopping to explain it every time.
Definitions, not explanations
A glossary entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it is frequently confused with. It does not walk through how to apply the concept – that is what the guides are for, and each entry links to the guide that does the work. Keeping the two apart is what stops the glossary turning into a second, worse copy of the knowledge base.
Where the definition comes from
Where a term is defined in law or in a published standard, the entry uses that definition and names the source. Where a term is industry usage with no governing text – and a great deal of trade vocabulary is exactly that – the entry says so, and describes the range of ways the term is used rather than inventing an authority for one of them.
Linking discipline
A glossary term is linked on its first mention in an article and nowhere else. That rule exists because a page with the same term linked nine times is harder to read and no more useful. If you land on an article mid-way and meet an unfamiliar term with no link, it was linked further up the page, and it is here.
Abbreviations are spelled out once
An entry gives the full form of an acronym before it uses it, even when the acronym is the form everyone says out loud. IQF, MOQ, FCL, MRL and HS code all have an entry under the abbreviation and, where a reader would search for it, under the spelled-out term as well. The second slug is a redirect and not a second definition, so there is never a duplicate text to keep in step with the first one.
When a definition changes
Definitions taken from a regulation or from a certification scheme change when the source changes, and the entry is then rewritten rather than annotated. The review date at the foot of each entry says when the source was last read. If you are quoting a definition in a contract or in a specification, quote the source document and not this page: a glossary is a place to understand a term, not a place to cite it.
Same word, different trade
Several terms mean different things in different parts of the supply chain. Grade, class, lot and batch are the usual offenders, and the difference between a processor’s usage and a retailer’s usage has consequences in a specification. Where that happens, the entry gives both readings instead of quietly choosing one.
Start here
Three entry points that answer most first visits to this section.
Browse A to Z
The full index, jumpable by letter.
Questions
When you need the reasoning rather than the definition.
Guides
The long-form articles the definitions support.
Common questions about this section
How many terms are in the glossary?
Several hundred, and the count changes as new material is published. Use the letter index or the search box rather than scrolling.
Why is a term I searched for missing?
Either it has not been written yet or it is filed under a different form of the word. Request it through the contact page and it goes onto the list.
Are the definitions legally authoritative?
Where a definition is taken from a regulation or a standard, the source is named and that source is authoritative. Where the term is industry usage, the entry describes practice and says so.
Can I reuse a definition in my own documents?
For internal use, yes. If you are publishing it, quote a short passage and link back rather than republishing the entry.
