Glossary
Glossary
Clear definitions of key terms used in international food trade, processing, logistics and quality standards for agricultural products.
- Plain-language definitions
- Grouped by category
- Kept up to date
Popular Terms
The abbreviations buyers and suppliers use most often.
Browse by Category
- agriculture28
- Allergen Management5
- beekeeping23
- Berries13
- Certifications & Standards37
- Cold Chain49
- commercial60
- customs39
- Drying & Dehydration44
- eu-regulation68
- Export Procedures26
- Food Safety91
- Freezing & Frozen Products46
- fruit-processing40
- grain-milling27
- herbs-spices-processing29
- Honey Quality32
- juice-concentrate25
- Knowledge
- lab-testing65
- labelling45
- Logistics62
- Market Trends4
- Markets8
All Terms
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Aerobic Plate Count
Aerobic plate count is a microbiological method that estimates the total number of viable aerobic microorganisms in a food sample,…
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Aflatoxin
Aflatoxin is a toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin produced mainly by Aspergillus moulds on nuts, dried fruit and grains under warm,…
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Aflatoxin Testing
Aflatoxin testing meaning the quantification of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in food samples is a mandatory compliance step…
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Aflatoxins in Nuts
Aflatoxins in nuts are toxic fungal metabolites produced by Aspergillus moulds that contaminate kernels during cultivation, harvest or storage, and…
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Agroecology
Agroecology is the application of ecological principles to the design and management of farming systems, supporting biodiversity, nutrient cycling and…
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Air Freight
Air freight is the transport of cargo by aircraft, offering the fastest transit times of any mode but at significantly…
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Air-Blast Freezing
Air-blast freezing is a method in which cold air, typically at −30 to −40 °C, is blown at high velocity…
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Allergen Control
Allergen control is the set of documented measures a food business uses to prevent unintended presence of allergenic substances in…
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Allergen Labelling
Allergen labelling meaning refers to the mandatory emphasis of the fourteen listed allergens within the ingredients list of prepacked food,…
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Alveograph
The alveograph is a dough test that inflates a sheet of dough into a bubble until it bursts, reporting strength…
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Ambient Storage
Ambient storage is the holding of product at uncontrolled or passively controlled room temperature, without active refrigeration, making it suitable…
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American Foulbrood
American foulbrood is a highly contagious bacterial disease of bee brood caused by Paenibacillus larvae, notifiable in most producing countries,…
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Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic digestion is a biological process that breaks down organic waste in sealed, oxygen-free vessels to produce biogas for energy…
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Antinutritional Factors
Antinutritional factors are naturally occurring compounds in pulses, including phytates, tannins, lectins and trypsin inhibitors, that reduce nutrient bioavailability or…
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Apiary
An apiary is a managed site where beehives are kept for honey production or pollination services, and its location, hygiene…
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Arbitration Clause
An arbitration clause is a contract provision that requires disputes to be resolved by a private arbitral tribunal rather than…
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Aroma Recovery
Aroma recovery is the process of capturing volatile flavour compounds that evaporate during juice concentration and returning them to the…
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Aseptic Bag-in-Box
Aseptic bag-in-box is a packaging format in which a sterilised liquid or puree is filled into a sterile multilayer flexible…
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Aseptic Processing
Aseptic processing is a food preservation method in which a liquid or semi-liquid product is sterilised by brief high-temperature treatment…
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Ash Content Testing
Ash content testing determines the total mineral residue remaining after a food sample is incinerated at high temperature, indicating refinement…
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ASTA Colour Value
ASTA colour value is a spectrophotometric measure of the carotenoid pigment intensity in paprika and related spices, expressed on a…
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Automated Storage and Retrieval
Automated storage and retrieval is a system of software-controlled cranes, shuttles or conveyors that stores and retrieves pallet or tote…
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Backhaul
Backhaul is the return journey of a transport vehicle after completing its primary delivery, and in food logistics it is…
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Baker’s Honey
Baker’s honey is the EU legal designation for honey that does not meet the composition standards for table honey, typically…
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Batch Management
Batch management is the practice of recording and tracking goods in defined production or receipt groups, each assigned unique identifiers…
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Bee Colony
A bee colony is the social unit of honey bees inhabiting one hive, comprising a queen, tens of thousands of…
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Bee Feeding
Bee feeding is the practice of supplying colonies with sugar syrup or fondant when natural forage is insufficient, preventing starvation…
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Bee Forage
Bee forage is the collective range of nectar- and pollen-bearing plants available to colonies within foraging distance of an apiary,…
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Bee Pollen Collection
Bee pollen collection is the apiary practice of fitting entrance traps to hives so that pollen pellets are stripped from…
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Bee Swarming
Bee swarming is the natural process by which a honey bee colony divides, with the original queen departing with a…
How the glossary works
The glossary defines the vocabulary used across the rest of the site: trade terms, processing terms, quality parameters, certification acronyms and logistics jargon. It exists so that the guides and specification pages can use precise language without stopping to explain it every time.
Definitions, not explanations
A glossary entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it is frequently confused with. It does not walk through how to apply the concept – that is what the guides are for, and each entry links to the guide that does the work. Keeping the two apart is what stops the glossary turning into a second, worse copy of the knowledge base.
Where the definition comes from
Where a term is defined in law or in a published standard, the entry uses that definition and names the source. Where a term is industry usage with no governing text – and a great deal of trade vocabulary is exactly that – the entry says so, and describes the range of ways the term is used rather than inventing an authority for one of them.
Linking discipline
A glossary term is linked on its first mention in an article and nowhere else. That rule exists because a page with the same term linked nine times is harder to read and no more useful. If you land on an article mid-way and meet an unfamiliar term with no link, it was linked further up the page, and it is here.
Abbreviations are spelled out once
An entry gives the full form of an acronym before it uses it, even when the acronym is the form everyone says out loud. IQF, MOQ, FCL, MRL and HS code all have an entry under the abbreviation and, where a reader would search for it, under the spelled-out term as well. The second slug is a redirect and not a second definition, so there is never a duplicate text to keep in step with the first one.
When a definition changes
Definitions taken from a regulation or from a certification scheme change when the source changes, and the entry is then rewritten rather than annotated. The review date at the foot of each entry says when the source was last read. If you are quoting a definition in a contract or in a specification, quote the source document and not this page: a glossary is a place to understand a term, not a place to cite it.
Same word, different trade
Several terms mean different things in different parts of the supply chain. Grade, class, lot and batch are the usual offenders, and the difference between a processor’s usage and a retailer’s usage has consequences in a specification. Where that happens, the entry gives both readings instead of quietly choosing one.
Start here
Three entry points that answer most first visits to this section.
Browse A to Z
The full index, jumpable by letter.
Questions
When you need the reasoning rather than the definition.
Guides
The long-form articles the definitions support.
Common questions about this section
How many terms are in the glossary?
Several hundred, and the count changes as new material is published. Use the letter index or the search box rather than scrolling.
Why is a term I searched for missing?
Either it has not been written yet or it is filed under a different form of the word. Request it through the contact page and it goes onto the list.
Are the definitions legally authoritative?
Where a definition is taken from a regulation or a standard, the source is named and that source is authoritative. Where the term is industry usage, the entry describes practice and says so.
Can I reuse a definition in my own documents?
For internal use, yes. If you are publishing it, quote a short passage and link back rather than republishing the entry.
