Glossary
Glossary
Clear definitions of key terms used in international food trade, processing, logistics and quality standards for agricultural products.
- Plain-language definitions
- Grouped by category
- Kept up to date
Popular Terms
The abbreviations buyers and suppliers use most often.
Browse by Category
- agriculture28
- Allergen Management5
- beekeeping23
- Berries13
- Certifications & Standards37
- Cold Chain49
- commercial60
- customs39
- Drying & Dehydration44
- eu-regulation68
- Export Procedures26
- Food Safety91
- Freezing & Frozen Products46
- fruit-processing40
- grain-milling27
- herbs-spices-processing29
- Honey Quality32
- juice-concentrate25
- Knowledge
- lab-testing65
- labelling45
- Logistics62
- Market Trends4
- Markets8
All Terms
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Sea Freight
Sea freight is the transport of goods in containers aboard ocean vessels and is the dominant mode for intercontinental food…
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Secondary Packaging
Secondary packaging is the outer layer that groups primary packs together, such as a printed carton around retail bags or…
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Seed Selection
Seed selection is the process of choosing crop varieties and seed lots suited to the target market, climate and processing…
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Semolina
Semolina is the coarse, granular endosperm fraction separated during the milling of durum wheat or other cereals, and is the…
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Sensory Analysis
Sensory analysis is the structured evaluation of a food product’s appearance, colour, odour, flavour and texture using trained panels or…
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Shelf Life
Product shelf life is the period during which a food item retains its declared quality and safety characteristics when stored…
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Short Sea Shipping
Short sea shipping is the maritime transport of goods over relatively short distances within European or adjacent waters, offering an…
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Shrinkage
Shrinkage is the reduction in usable inventory caused by spoilage, damage, administrative error or theft, and in food warehousing it…
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Single-Strength Juice
Single-strength juice is juice at its natural soluble-solids content as present in the fruit, without concentration, and serves as the…
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Size Grading
Size grading is the separation of fruit, vegetables or nuts into defined size classes by diameter or weight, ensuring uniformity…
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Sliced Fruit
Sliced fruit is fruit cut into uniform pieces of a defined thickness, then frozen IQF or dried, and is used…
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Slow Freezing
Slow freezing is a condition in which product temperature drops gradually rather than rapidly, causing large ice crystals to form…
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SMETA
SMETA (Sedex Members Ethical Trade Audit) is an audit methodology covering labour standards, health and safety, environment and business ethics,…
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Soil Health
Soil health describes the biological, chemical and physical condition of soil and its capacity to sustain productive crops, making it…
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Soil Preparation
Soil preparation is the set of mechanical and agronomic operations, including ploughing, cultivating and levelling, that ready a field for…
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Solvent Extraction
Solvent extraction is an industrial oilseed processing method in which prepared flakes are washed with a solvent, typically hexane, to…
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Soup Mixes
Soup mixes are vegetable blends formulated for soup production, combining roots, brassicas, alliums and legumes in application-specific recipes to help…
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Soxhlet Extraction
Soxhlet extraction is a classical laboratory method for determining fat content in food samples by repeatedly cycling a solvent through…
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Spice Adulteration
Spice adulteration is the fraudulent addition of foreign matter, exhausted plant material, fillers or unauthorised dyes to a spice in…
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Spice Blending
Spice blending is the controlled mixing of individual herbs and spices into defined recipes for retail or industrial use, where…
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Spice Grinding
Spice grinding is the mechanical milling of whole or dried spices into powder using hammer, pin or plate mills, where…
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Spice Irradiation
Spice irradiation is a decontamination method that applies ionising radiation to dried herbs and spices to reduce microbial loads, permitted…
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Spice Moisture
Spice moisture is the water content of dried herbs and spices, a standard analytical parameter that governs microbial stability, caking…
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Spice Sterilization
Spice sterilization is the application of a validated decontamination process to dried herbs and spices to reduce naturally high microbial…
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Spray Drift
Spray drift is the unintended movement of pesticide droplets or vapour away from the target crop during application, which can…
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Starch Extraction
Starch extraction is the industrial process of separating starch granules from crushed plant tissue using water, sieves and hydrocyclones, with…
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Steam Blanching
Steam blanching is a pre-freezing or pre-drying heat treatment in which vegetables pass through a chamber of saturated steam for…
How the glossary works
The glossary defines the vocabulary used across the rest of the site: trade terms, processing terms, quality parameters, certification acronyms and logistics jargon. It exists so that the guides and specification pages can use precise language without stopping to explain it every time.
Definitions, not explanations
A glossary entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it is frequently confused with. It does not walk through how to apply the concept – that is what the guides are for, and each entry links to the guide that does the work. Keeping the two apart is what stops the glossary turning into a second, worse copy of the knowledge base.
Where the definition comes from
Where a term is defined in law or in a published standard, the entry uses that definition and names the source. Where a term is industry usage with no governing text – and a great deal of trade vocabulary is exactly that – the entry says so, and describes the range of ways the term is used rather than inventing an authority for one of them.
Linking discipline
A glossary term is linked on its first mention in an article and nowhere else. That rule exists because a page with the same term linked nine times is harder to read and no more useful. If you land on an article mid-way and meet an unfamiliar term with no link, it was linked further up the page, and it is here.
Abbreviations are spelled out once
An entry gives the full form of an acronym before it uses it, even when the acronym is the form everyone says out loud. IQF, MOQ, FCL, MRL and HS code all have an entry under the abbreviation and, where a reader would search for it, under the spelled-out term as well. The second slug is a redirect and not a second definition, so there is never a duplicate text to keep in step with the first one.
When a definition changes
Definitions taken from a regulation or from a certification scheme change when the source changes, and the entry is then rewritten rather than annotated. The review date at the foot of each entry says when the source was last read. If you are quoting a definition in a contract or in a specification, quote the source document and not this page: a glossary is a place to understand a term, not a place to cite it.
Same word, different trade
Several terms mean different things in different parts of the supply chain. Grade, class, lot and batch are the usual offenders, and the difference between a processor’s usage and a retailer’s usage has consequences in a specification. Where that happens, the entry gives both readings instead of quietly choosing one.
Start here
Three entry points that answer most first visits to this section.
Browse A to Z
The full index, jumpable by letter.
Questions
When you need the reasoning rather than the definition.
Guides
The long-form articles the definitions support.
Common questions about this section
How many terms are in the glossary?
Several hundred, and the count changes as new material is published. Use the letter index or the search box rather than scrolling.
Why is a term I searched for missing?
Either it has not been written yet or it is filed under a different form of the word. Request it through the contact page and it goes onto the list.
Are the definitions legally authoritative?
Where a definition is taken from a regulation or a standard, the source is named and that source is authoritative. Where the term is industry usage, the entry describes practice and says so.
Can I reuse a definition in my own documents?
For internal use, yes. If you are publishing it, quote a short passage and link back rather than republishing the entry.
