Glossary
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Blast Chilling
Blast chilling is the rapid reduction of product temperature using high-velocity cold air immediately after processing or cooking, bringing product…
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Block-Frozen Product
Block-frozen product is food frozen as a solid, undivided slab rather than as individual pieces, making it suitable for industrial…
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Border Control Post
A border control post is an EU-approved facility at a point of entry where consignments of animals, products of animal…
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Bran
Bran is the outer fibrous layer of a cereal grain removed during milling to produce refined flour, and is traded…
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BRCGS
BRCGS (Brand Reputation Compliance Global Standards) is a GFSI-benchmarked food safety and quality certification scheme covering HACCP, quality management, factory…
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Brix (°Bx)
Brix (°Bx) is a unit expressing the amount of soluble solids — mainly sugars — in a water solution, measured…
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Brunoise Cut
Brunoise cut is a fine dice produced by cross-cutting julienne strips into small cubes, used in soups, sauces and garnishes…
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Brush Washing
Brush washing is a mechanical cleaning process that uses rotating soft brushes to dislodge stubborn soil and surface contamination from…
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Buckwheat Honey
Buckwheat honey is a dark, strongly flavoured monofloral honey produced from buckwheat nectar, notable for high mineral and antioxidant content.…
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Bulk Packaging
Bulk packaging refers to large-format industrial containers used in B2B food supply, such as lined cartons, big bags and drums,…
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Calibration
Calibration is the mechanical or optical sorting of fruit, berries, pulses or nuts into defined size classes by diameter, weight…
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Call-Off Order
A call-off order is an individual delivery instruction released under a framework contract, specifying quantity, date and destination for one…
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Canned Legumes
Canned legumes are pulses that have been cooked, packed in brine or water and commercially sterilised in sealed metal cans…
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Carbon Footprint
Carbon footprint is a measure of the total greenhouse gas emissions associated with a product or activity, expressed in carbon…
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Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration is the capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide, notably in agricultural soils through practices that build…
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Carrot Dicing
Carrot dicing is the mechanical cutting of washed and peeled carrots into cubes of defined dimensions for use in frozen…
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Carton
A carton is a corrugated or solid fibreboard box used as the primary transport packaging unit for many food products…
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Certificate of Analysis
A certificate of analysis (CoA) is a laboratory document issued per batch that reports measured values against specification: for example…
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Certificate of Origin
A certificate of origin is an official document confirming the country where goods were produced or substantially transformed, determining eligibility…
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CHED
CHED is the Common Health Entry Document, an electronic record completed in TRACES NT for consignments subject to official controls…
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Chilled Storage
Chilled storage is the holding of perishable product at temperatures above freezing, typically in a range that slows but does…
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CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)
Cost, Insurance and Freight is an Incoterms 2020 rule for sea and inland waterway transport under which the seller pays…
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Circular Economy
A circular economy is an economic model that keeps materials and products in use for as long as possible, minimising…
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Claim Deadline
A claim deadline is the contractual period within which a buyer must notify a seller of defects after delivery, often…
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Cloud Stability
Cloud stability is the ability of a cloudy juice or nectar to maintain its suspended particles in uniform distribution without…
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Clumping
Clumping defect is a frozen-product fault in which individual pieces adhere into lumps, caused by slow freezing, partial thawing or…
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CMR
CMR is the international road consignment note governed by the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods…
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CMR Waybill
The CMR waybill is the standard consignment note for international road freight governed by the Convention on the Contract for…
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Codex Alimentarius
The Codex Alimentarius is the collection of international food standards, guidelines and codes of practice developed jointly by FAO and…
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Cold Chain
The cold chain is the uninterrupted series of temperature-controlled storage and transport steps — from freezing or harvest through storage,…
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Cold Chain Monitoring
Cold chain monitoring is the systematic measurement and recording of temperature conditions throughout storage and transport, enabling verification that product…
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Cold Room
A cold room is an insulated, mechanically refrigerated storage chamber, ranging from small walk-in units to large warehouse cells, maintained…
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Cold Storage
Cold storage is the controlled low-temperature holding of perishable or temperature-sensitive product between processing and dispatch, encompassing both frozen and…
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Cold-Induced Sweetening
Cold-induced sweetening is the accumulation of reducing sugars in potato tubers stored at low temperatures, which causes dark fry colour…
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Cold-Pressed Oil
Cold-pressed oil is vegetable oil obtained solely by mechanical pressing at a temperature low enough to preserve natural flavour, colour…
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Colour Measurement
Colour measurement quantifies product colour with instruments such as colorimeters or spectrophotometers, expressed in systems like CIE L*a*b*. For fruit,…
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Colour Sorting
Colour sorting by optical detection is the process of separating food commodities into accepted and rejected streams based on colour…
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Comb Honey
Comb honey is honey presented and sold inside sealed sections of natural beeswax comb, as stored by bees, and is…
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Combined Nomenclature
The Combined Nomenclature is the EU’s eight-digit goods classification system, built on the six-digit Harmonized System and established by Regulation…
