Glossary
Glossary
Clear definitions of key terms used in international food trade, processing, logistics and quality standards for agricultural products.
- Plain-language definitions
- Grouped by category
- Kept up to date
Popular Terms
The abbreviations buyers and suppliers use most often.
Browse by Category
- agriculture28
- Allergen Management5
- beekeeping23
- Berries13
- Certifications & Standards37
- Cold Chain49
- commercial60
- customs39
- Drying & Dehydration44
- eu-regulation68
- Export Procedures26
- Food Safety91
- Freezing & Frozen Products46
- fruit-processing40
- grain-milling27
- herbs-spices-processing29
- Honey Quality32
- juice-concentrate25
- Knowledge
- lab-testing65
- labelling45
- Logistics62
- Market Trends4
- Markets8
All Terms
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Mushroom Spawn
Mushroom spawn is grain or another carrier material inoculated with pure mushroom mycelium, used to seed a growing substrate and…
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Mushroom Substrate
Mushroom substrate is the composted or pasteurised organic medium on which cultivated mushrooms grow, typically based on straw, hardwood sawdust…
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Mushroom Trimming
Mushroom trimming is the removal of the substrate-covered stem base and any damaged tissue from harvested fruiting bodies before packing…
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Nectar Flow
Nectar flow is the period when forage plants in an area secrete abundant nectar, enabling bees to collect and store…
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Net Quantity
Net quantity is the amount of food contained in a prepackage, expressed in mass for solids and volume for liquids,…
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Net Weight
Net weight is the weight of the product itself, excluding all packaging materials, and serves as the legally declared quantity…
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Neutralization
Neutralization is the refining stage in which free fatty acids in degummed crude oil are reacted with an alkali solution…
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NFC Juice
NFC juice, meaning not-from-concentrate juice, is pasteurised fruit juice that has never been concentrated, retaining a flavour profile closer to…
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NIR Analysis
NIR analysis is a rapid near-infrared spectroscopic technique that measures compositional parameters such as moisture, protein and sugars by detecting…
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No-Till Farming
No-till farming is a cultivation method that sows crops directly into undisturbed soil without ploughing, conserving moisture, reducing erosion and…
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Non-Disclosure Agreement
A non-disclosure agreement is a legally binding contract that restricts the parties from sharing confidential information exchanged during commercial negotiations,…
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Non-GMO Certification
Non-GMO certification verifies that a product has been produced without genetically modified organisms and that supply-chain segregation controls prevent adventitious…
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Novel Food Regulation
Novel Food Regulation refers to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283, which governs foods not consumed to a significant degree in the EU…
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Nut Blanching
Nut blanching is a thermal process that loosens and removes the thin skin, or pellicle, from kernels such as almonds…
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Nut Butter
Nut butter is a spreadable product made by grinding roasted nuts to a smooth consistency, sometimes with added salt, sugar…
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Nut Cleaning
Nut cleaning is the removal of foreign matter including sticks, stones, husk fragments, dust and empty shells from in-shell nuts…
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Nut Dehulling
Nut dehulling is the mechanical removal of the outer green husk or hull from nuts such as walnuts and almonds…
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Nut Drying
Nut drying is the controlled reduction of moisture in in-shell or shelled nuts using forced air or heat to reach…
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Nut Flour
Nut flour is a gluten-free ingredient milled from raw, blanched or partially defatted kernels, used in bakery and confectionery, where…
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Nut Grading
Nut grading is the classification of kernels into commercial grades based on size, colour, whole-to-piece ratio and defect levels, directly…
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Nut Harvesting
Nut harvesting is the collection of mature nuts once hulls split or nuts fall naturally, using mechanical shakers, sweepers and…
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Nut Moisture
Nut moisture is the water content of in-shell nuts or kernels, a critical quality parameter that governs storage stability, mould…
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Nut Oil
Nut oil is an edible oil pressed from kernels such as walnuts, hazelnuts or almonds, valued for its flavour and…
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Nut Packaging
Nut packaging is the selection and application of materials and formats that protect kernel quality from oxygen, moisture and light…
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Nut Paste
Nut paste is a semi-fluid mass produced by grinding roasted or raw kernels to a fine particle size, used as…
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Nut Rancidity
Nut rancidity is the oxidative or hydrolytic deterioration of unsaturated fats in kernels, producing off-flavours and odours that render product…
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Nut Roasting
Nut roasting applies controlled dry heat or oil to kernels to develop flavour, colour and texture while reducing moisture, and…
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Nut Shelling
Nut shelling is the mechanical cracking of the hard shell to release the kernel, using centrifugal, shear or compression crackers…
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Nut Slicing
Nut slicing is the mechanical cutting of blanched kernels into slices, slivers, halves or dice of defined dimensions for use…
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Nut Storage
Nut storage is the controlled holding of in-shell nuts or kernels under conditions of low temperature, low relative humidity and…
How the glossary works
The glossary defines the vocabulary used across the rest of the site: trade terms, processing terms, quality parameters, certification acronyms and logistics jargon. It exists so that the guides and specification pages can use precise language without stopping to explain it every time.
Definitions, not explanations
A glossary entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it is frequently confused with. It does not walk through how to apply the concept – that is what the guides are for, and each entry links to the guide that does the work. Keeping the two apart is what stops the glossary turning into a second, worse copy of the knowledge base.
Where the definition comes from
Where a term is defined in law or in a published standard, the entry uses that definition and names the source. Where a term is industry usage with no governing text – and a great deal of trade vocabulary is exactly that – the entry says so, and describes the range of ways the term is used rather than inventing an authority for one of them.
Linking discipline
A glossary term is linked on its first mention in an article and nowhere else. That rule exists because a page with the same term linked nine times is harder to read and no more useful. If you land on an article mid-way and meet an unfamiliar term with no link, it was linked further up the page, and it is here.
Abbreviations are spelled out once
An entry gives the full form of an acronym before it uses it, even when the acronym is the form everyone says out loud. IQF, MOQ, FCL, MRL and HS code all have an entry under the abbreviation and, where a reader would search for it, under the spelled-out term as well. The second slug is a redirect and not a second definition, so there is never a duplicate text to keep in step with the first one.
When a definition changes
Definitions taken from a regulation or from a certification scheme change when the source changes, and the entry is then rewritten rather than annotated. The review date at the foot of each entry says when the source was last read. If you are quoting a definition in a contract or in a specification, quote the source document and not this page: a glossary is a place to understand a term, not a place to cite it.
Same word, different trade
Several terms mean different things in different parts of the supply chain. Grade, class, lot and batch are the usual offenders, and the difference between a processor’s usage and a retailer’s usage has consequences in a specification. Where that happens, the entry gives both readings instead of quietly choosing one.
Start here
Three entry points that answer most first visits to this section.
Browse A to Z
The full index, jumpable by letter.
Questions
When you need the reasoning rather than the definition.
Guides
The long-form articles the definitions support.
Common questions about this section
How many terms are in the glossary?
Several hundred, and the count changes as new material is published. Use the letter index or the search box rather than scrolling.
Why is a term I searched for missing?
Either it has not been written yet or it is filed under a different form of the word. Request it through the contact page and it goes onto the list.
Are the definitions legally authoritative?
Where a definition is taken from a regulation or a standard, the source is named and that source is authoritative. Where the term is industry usage, the entry describes practice and says so.
Can I reuse a definition in my own documents?
For internal use, yes. If you are publishing it, quote a short passage and link back rather than republishing the entry.
