Glossary
Glossary
Clear definitions of key terms used in international food trade, processing, logistics and quality standards for agricultural products.
- Plain-language definitions
- Grouped by category
- Kept up to date
Popular Terms
The abbreviations buyers and suppliers use most often.
Browse by Category
- agriculture26
- Allergen Management3
- beekeeping23
- Berries15
- Certifications & Standards41
- Cold Chain53
- commercial57
- customs44
- Drying & Dehydration40
- eu-regulation70
- Export Procedures31
- Food Safety86
- Freezing & Frozen Products44
- fruit-processing42
- grain-milling23
- herbs-spices-processing27
- Honey Quality32
- juice-concentrate25
- Knowledge
- lab-testing55
- labelling44
- Logistics71
- Market Trends3
- Markets6
All Terms
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Mineral Content
Mineral content, often reported as ash, is the inorganic residue remaining after a sample is incinerated, representing the total minerals.…
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Minimum Font Size
EU food labelling rules set minimum legibility requirements, with mandatory particulars printed at an x-height of at least 1.2 millimetres,…
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Modified Atmosphere Packaging
Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) replaces the air inside a pack with a defined gas mixture, typically adjusting oxygen, carbon dioxide…
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Moisture Content
Moisture content is the percentage of water in a product, determined by drying or refractometric methods. It is a critical…
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Moisture Determination
Moisture determination measures the water content of a product, typically by oven drying to constant weight or by rapid moisture…
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Monofloral Honey
Monofloral honey comes wholly or mainly from a single plant species, such as acacia, linden or sunflower, and possesses the…
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MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity)
MOQ, or Minimum Order Quantity, is the smallest amount a supplier is willing to sell in one order. In B2B…
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Mulching
Mulching covers the soil surface with organic material or film to conserve moisture, suppress weeds and moderate soil temperature. In…
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Multi-Residue Pesticide Analysis
Multi-residue pesticide analysis screens a sample simultaneously for hundreds of pesticide residues using chromatographic methods with mass spectrometric detection. It…
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Multifloral Honey
Multifloral, or polyfloral, honey is produced from the nectar of many plant species blooming in the same area and season.…
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Multimodal Transport
Multimodal transport moves goods under a single contract using at least two different modes, such as road and sea. For…
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Mushroom Blanching
Mushroom blanching applies a short heat treatment before freezing, canning or drying to inactivate enzymes, stabilise colour and reduce volume.…
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Mushroom Canning
Mushroom canning heat-sterilises blanched mushrooms in brine within cans or jars for ambient shelf stability. Drained weight, brine salt concentration,…
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Mushroom Cleaning
Mushroom cleaning removes growing substrate, casing material and debris by brushing, trimming and air jets. Water washing is used cautiously…
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Mushroom Cultivation
Mushroom cultivation controls temperature, humidity, CO2 and light to trigger and manage fruiting. Precise climate control determines cap size, stem…
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Mushroom Extract
Mushroom extract is a concentrated preparation obtained by hot water or other extraction of mushroom solids, then spray-dried or sold…
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Mushroom Flush
A mushroom flush is one wave of fruiting bodies harvested from a crop cycle, typically followed by one to three…
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Mushroom Freezing
Mushroom freezing preserves blanched or raw mushrooms at temperatures of minus 18 degrees Celsius or below, typically as IQF product.…
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Mushroom Grading
Mushroom grading sorts fruiting bodies by cap diameter, colour and veil condition into commercial grades such as closed cup, button…
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Mushroom Harvesting
Mushroom harvesting picks fruiting bodies by hand at the optimal maturity stage, typically at the closed-button stage for cultivated Agaricus…
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Mushroom Powder
Mushroom powder is produced by drying mushrooms to low moisture and milling them to a fine particle size. It is…
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Mushroom Quality Defects
Mushroom quality defects include open veils, discolouration, bruising, elongated stems, water spotting and pest damage. Defect tolerances are defined per…
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Mushroom Shelf Life
Mushroom shelf life is short because fruiting bodies respire rapidly and discolour easily. Fast cooling after harvest, storage between 0…
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Mushroom Sizing
Mushroom sizing separates fruiting bodies by cap diameter using rollers or sieves so that packs and processing batches are uniform.…
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Mushroom Slicing
Mushroom slicing cuts cleaned mushrooms into slices of defined thickness using industrial slicers. Sliced formats dominate frozen, canned and dried…
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Mushroom Sorting
Mushroom sorting removes discoloured, damaged, insect-infested or off-spec pieces before packing. It is performed on inspection belts by operators or…
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Mushroom Spawn
Mushroom spawn is grain or other carrier material inoculated with pure mushroom mycelium, used to seed the growing substrate. Spawn…
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Mushroom Substrate
Mushroom substrate is the composted organic medium on which cultivated mushrooms grow, typically based on straw, poultry litter or hardwood…
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Mushroom Trimming
Mushroom trimming cuts away the substrate-covered base of the stem and removes damaged tissue before packing or processing. Trimming standards…
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Nectar Flow
A nectar flow is the period when forage plants in an area secrete abundant nectar, enabling bees to collect and…
How the glossary works
The glossary defines the vocabulary used across the rest of the site: trade terms, processing terms, quality parameters, certification acronyms and logistics jargon. It exists so that the guides and specification pages can use precise language without stopping to explain it every time.
Definitions, not explanations
A glossary entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it is frequently confused with. It does not walk through how to apply the concept – that is what the guides are for, and each entry links to the guide that does the work. Keeping the two apart is what stops the glossary turning into a second, worse copy of the knowledge base.
Where the definition comes from
Where a term is defined in law or in a published standard, the entry uses that definition and names the source. Where a term is industry usage with no governing text – and a great deal of trade vocabulary is exactly that – the entry says so, and describes the range of ways the term is used rather than inventing an authority for one of them.
Linking discipline
A glossary term is linked on its first mention in an article and nowhere else. That rule exists because a page with the same term linked nine times is harder to read and no more useful. If you land on an article mid-way and meet an unfamiliar term with no link, it was linked further up the page, and it is here.
Abbreviations are spelled out once
An entry gives the full form of an acronym before it uses it, even when the acronym is the form everyone says out loud. IQF, MOQ, FCL, MRL and HS code all have an entry under the abbreviation and, where a reader would search for it, under the spelled-out term as well. The second slug is a redirect and not a second definition, so there is never a duplicate text to keep in step with the first one.
When a definition changes
Definitions taken from a regulation or from a certification scheme change when the source changes, and the entry is then rewritten rather than annotated. The review date at the foot of each entry says when the source was last read. If you are quoting a definition in a contract or in a specification, quote the source document and not this page: a glossary is a place to understand a term, not a place to cite it.
Same word, different trade
Several terms mean different things in different parts of the supply chain. Grade, class, lot and batch are the usual offenders, and the difference between a processor’s usage and a retailer’s usage has consequences in a specification. Where that happens, the entry gives both readings instead of quietly choosing one.
Start here
Three entry points that answer most first visits to this section.
Browse A to Z
The full index, jumpable by letter.
Questions
When you need the reasoning rather than the definition.
Guides
The long-form articles the definitions support.
Common questions about this section
How many terms are in the glossary?
Several hundred, and the count changes as new material is published. Use the letter index or the search box rather than scrolling.
Why is a term I searched for missing?
Either it has not been written yet or it is filed under a different form of the word. Request it through the contact page and it goes onto the list.
Are the definitions legally authoritative?
Where a definition is taken from a regulation or a standard, the source is named and that source is authoritative. Where the term is industry usage, the entry describes practice and says so.
Can I reuse a definition in my own documents?
For internal use, yes. If you are publishing it, quote a short passage and link back rather than republishing the entry.
