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Glossary

Glossary

Clear definitions of key terms used in international food trade, processing, logistics and quality standards for agricultural products.

  • Plain-language definitions
  • Grouped by category
  • Kept up to date

Popular Terms

The abbreviations buyers and suppliers use most often.

All Terms

  • Contaminants Regulation

    Regulation (EU) 2023/915 sets maximum levels for certain contaminants in food, including mycotoxins, heavy metals and process contaminants. Consignments exceeding…

  • Core Temperature

    Core temperature is the temperature measured inside the product, at its thermal centre, rather than in the surrounding air. Quick-frozen…

  • Coring

    Coring removes the core and seed cavity from apples, pears and quince using mechanical corers. It is often combined with…

  • Corn Kernel Cutting

    Corn kernel cutting removes sweet corn kernels from the cob with specialised cutting machines after husking and cleaning. Cutting depth…

  • Country of Origin Labelling

    Country of origin labelling indicates where a food comes from and is mandatory where omitting it could mislead consumers, as…

  • Cover Crops

    Cover crops are plants grown primarily to protect and enrich the soil between main crops, reducing erosion, suppressing weeds and…

  • Creamed Honey

    Creamed honey is honey in which crystallisation has been controlled, usually by seeding with fine crystals and stirring at cool…

  • Crinkle Cut

    Crinkle cutting uses profiled blades to create a wavy surface on carrot, potato or cucumber slices. The increased surface area…

  • Critical Control Point

    A critical control point (CCP) is a step in a production process at which control can be applied and is…

  • Crop Rotation

    Crop rotation grows different crops in sequence on the same field to break pest and disease cycles, improve soil structure…

  • Crop Yield

    Crop yield is the quantity of harvestable product obtained per unit area, usually expressed in tonnes per hectare. It depends…

  • Cross-Contamination

    Cross-contamination is the transfer of harmful microorganisms, allergens or foreign substances from one surface, product or person to another. In…

  • Cross-Docking

    Cross-docking transfers incoming goods directly to outbound vehicles with little or no storage in between. It shortens lead times and…

  • Crude Oil

    Crude oil is the unrefined oil obtained directly from pressing or solvent extraction, still containing phospholipids, free fatty acids, pigments…

  • Crust Freezing

    Crust freezing describes a situation in which the outer layer of a product freezes much faster than its core, typically…

  • Cryogenic Freezing

    Cryogenic freezing uses liquefied gases such as liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide at extremely low temperatures to freeze product within…

  • Cryogenic Grinding

    Cryogenic grinding cools spices with liquid nitrogen before and during milling. The low temperature prevents volatile oil losses, avoids clogging…

  • Crystallization

    Crystallization is the natural process by which glucose in honey forms crystals, turning liquid honey solid or semi-solid. It is…

  • Cubed Fruit

    Cubed fruit is fruit cut into uniform cubes, commonly 10×10×10 mm or to customer specification, before freezing or drying. Cubes…

  • Customs Broker

    A customs broker is a licensed intermediary who prepares and lodges customs declarations and completes import and export formalities on…

  • Customs Clearance

    Customs clearance is the set of procedures by which goods are declared to customs, duties and VAT are assessed, and…

  • Customs Controls

    Customs controls are checks performed by customs authorities to ensure goods comply with import and export rules, including verification of…

  • Customs Declaration

    A customs declaration is the formal statement submitted to customs authorities placing goods under a specific customs procedure, such as…

  • Customs Value

    Customs value is the value of imported goods used as the basis for calculating import duty, normally the transaction value…

  • Customs Warehouse

    A customs warehouse is an approved facility where non-Union goods may be stored without payment of import duties until they…

  • Cycle Counting

    Cycle counting is the continuous practice of counting a subset of stock locations on a rolling schedule rather than closing…

  • Date Marking

    Date marking indicates the durability of a food: a best-before date for the period during which the food retains its…

  • DCFTA

    Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area — the trade pillar of the EU–Ukraine Association Agreement, providing for gradual

  • DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)

    DDP is an Incoterms 2020 rule under which the seller bears all costs and risks of delivering the goods to…

  • Deaeration

    Deaeration removes dissolved oxygen from juice before pasteurisation and filling to limit oxidation, colour loss and vitamin degradation. It is…

How the glossary works

The glossary defines the vocabulary used across the rest of the site: trade terms, processing terms, quality parameters, certification acronyms and logistics jargon. It exists so that the guides and specification pages can use precise language without stopping to explain it every time.

Definitions, not explanations

A glossary entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it is frequently confused with. It does not walk through how to apply the concept – that is what the guides are for, and each entry links to the guide that does the work. Keeping the two apart is what stops the glossary turning into a second, worse copy of the knowledge base.

Where the definition comes from

Where a term is defined in law or in a published standard, the entry uses that definition and names the source. Where a term is industry usage with no governing text – and a great deal of trade vocabulary is exactly that – the entry says so, and describes the range of ways the term is used rather than inventing an authority for one of them.

Linking discipline

A glossary term is linked on its first mention in an article and nowhere else. That rule exists because a page with the same term linked nine times is harder to read and no more useful. If you land on an article mid-way and meet an unfamiliar term with no link, it was linked further up the page, and it is here.

Abbreviations are spelled out once

An entry gives the full form of an acronym before it uses it, even when the acronym is the form everyone says out loud. IQF, MOQ, FCL, MRL and HS code all have an entry under the abbreviation and, where a reader would search for it, under the spelled-out term as well. The second slug is a redirect and not a second definition, so there is never a duplicate text to keep in step with the first one.

When a definition changes

Definitions taken from a regulation or from a certification scheme change when the source changes, and the entry is then rewritten rather than annotated. The review date at the foot of each entry says when the source was last read. If you are quoting a definition in a contract or in a specification, quote the source document and not this page: a glossary is a place to understand a term, not a place to cite it.

Same word, different trade

Several terms mean different things in different parts of the supply chain. Grade, class, lot and batch are the usual offenders, and the difference between a processor’s usage and a retailer’s usage has consequences in a specification. Where that happens, the entry gives both readings instead of quietly choosing one.

Start here

Three entry points that answer most first visits to this section.

Browse A to Z

The full index, jumpable by letter.

Questions

When you need the reasoning rather than the definition.

Guides

The long-form articles the definitions support.

Common questions about this section

How many terms are in the glossary?

Several hundred, and the count changes as new material is published. Use the letter index or the search box rather than scrolling.

Why is a term I searched for missing?

Either it has not been written yet or it is filed under a different form of the word. Request it through the contact page and it goes onto the list.

Are the definitions legally authoritative?

Where a definition is taken from a regulation or a standard, the source is named and that source is authoritative. Where the term is industry usage, the entry describes practice and says so.

Can I reuse a definition in my own documents?

For internal use, yes. If you are publishing it, quote a short passage and link back rather than republishing the entry.

Where to go next

Questions

Short answers to specific problems.

Guides

End-to-end walkthroughs of decisions.

Standards

Where the certification acronyms are unpacked.

Products

Specification pages using this vocabulary.

Vorezan provides informational and analytical content about agricultural products, markets, logistics and standards. We do not act as a seller, broker or guarantor of product quality or transactions.