Glossary
Glossary
Clear definitions of key terms used in international food trade, processing, logistics and quality standards for agricultural products.
- Plain-language definitions
- Grouped by category
- Kept up to date
Popular Terms
The abbreviations buyers and suppliers use most often.
Browse by Category
- agriculture28
- Allergen Management5
- beekeeping23
- Berries13
- Certifications & Standards37
- Cold Chain49
- commercial60
- customs39
- Drying & Dehydration44
- eu-regulation68
- Export Procedures26
- Food Safety91
- Freezing & Frozen Products46
- fruit-processing40
- grain-milling27
- herbs-spices-processing29
- Honey Quality32
- juice-concentrate25
- Knowledge
- lab-testing65
- labelling45
- Logistics62
- Market Trends4
- Markets8
All Terms
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Core Temperature
Core temperature is the temperature measured at the thermal centre of a food product rather than in the surrounding air,…
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Coring
Coring is a mechanical processing step that removes the core and seed cavity from pome fruit such as apples, pears…
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Corn Kernel Cutting
Corn kernel cutting is the mechanical step that removes sweet corn kernels from the cob after husking and blanching, using…
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Country of Origin Labelling
Country of origin labelling indicates where a food comes from and is mandatory where omitting it could mislead consumers, as…
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Cover Crops
Cover crops are plants grown between main cash crops primarily to protect soil from erosion, suppress weeds, add organic matter…
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Creamed Honey
Creamed honey is honey in which crystallisation has been deliberately controlled by seeding with fine crystals and stirring at low…
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Crinkle Cut
Crinkle cut is a slicing method using profiled blades to produce a wavy surface on vegetables such as carrots, potatoes…
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Critical Control Point
A critical control point is a step in a food production process at which a control measure is essential to…
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Crop Rotation
Crop rotation is the practice of growing different crops in planned sequence on the same land to break pest and…
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Crop Yield
Crop yield is the quantity of harvestable product obtained per unit area, typically expressed in tonnes per hectare, and underpins…
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Cross-Contamination
Cross-contamination is the unintended transfer of harmful microorganisms, allergens or foreign substances from one surface, product, person or environment to…
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Cross-Docking
Cross-docking is a logistics method in which incoming goods are transferred directly to outbound vehicles with minimal or no intermediate…
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Crude Oil
Crude oil, in food and agri trade, is the unrefined vegetable oil obtained directly from pressing or solvent extraction, containing…
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Crude Protein
Crude protein is the protein content estimated from total nitrogen multiplied by a factor, usually 6.25 for feed and 5.7…
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Crust Freezing
Crust freezing is a freezing phenomenon in which the outer surface of a food product solidifies rapidly while the core…
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Cryogenic Freezing
Cryogenic freezing is a rapid freezing method that uses liquefied gases such as liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide at extremely…
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Cryogenic Grinding
Cryogenic grinding is a milling process in which spices are cooled with liquid nitrogen before and during size reduction, preserving…
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Crystallization
Crystallization is the natural process by which glucose in honey precipitates into crystals, turning liquid honey solid or semi-solid, and…
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Cubed Fruit
Cubed fruit is fruit that has been cut into uniform geometric pieces of a defined dimension before freezing or drying,…
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Customs Broker
A customs broker is a licensed intermediary who prepares and submits customs declarations and manages import or export formalities on…
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Customs Clearance
Customs clearance is the process by which goods are formally declared to customs authorities, duties and taxes are assessed and…
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Customs Controls
Customs controls are checks performed by customs authorities to verify that goods, declarations and accompanying documents comply with import and…
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Customs Declaration
A customs declaration is the formal electronic statement submitted to customs authorities that places a consignment under a specific customs…
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Customs Value
Customs value is the declared monetary worth of imported goods, normally the transaction price actually paid or payable plus specified…
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Customs Warehouse
A customs warehouse is an approved facility where non-Union goods may be stored without payment of import duties until they…
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Cycle Counting
Cycle counting is the continuous practice of counting a subset of stock locations on a rolling schedule rather than closing…
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Date Marking
Date marking is the mandatory indication on prepacked food of either a best-before date, showing when specific properties are retained…
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DCFTA
DCFTA meaning Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area is the trade pillar of the EU–Ukraine Association Agreement, providing for gradual…
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DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) is an Incoterms 2020 rule under which the seller bears all costs and risks of delivering…
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Deaeration
Deaeration is the removal of dissolved oxygen from juice or puree before pasteurisation and filling, carried out under vacuum or…
How the glossary works
The glossary defines the vocabulary used across the rest of the site: trade terms, processing terms, quality parameters, certification acronyms and logistics jargon. It exists so that the guides and specification pages can use precise language without stopping to explain it every time.
Definitions, not explanations
A glossary entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it is frequently confused with. It does not walk through how to apply the concept – that is what the guides are for, and each entry links to the guide that does the work. Keeping the two apart is what stops the glossary turning into a second, worse copy of the knowledge base.
Where the definition comes from
Where a term is defined in law or in a published standard, the entry uses that definition and names the source. Where a term is industry usage with no governing text – and a great deal of trade vocabulary is exactly that – the entry says so, and describes the range of ways the term is used rather than inventing an authority for one of them.
Linking discipline
A glossary term is linked on its first mention in an article and nowhere else. That rule exists because a page with the same term linked nine times is harder to read and no more useful. If you land on an article mid-way and meet an unfamiliar term with no link, it was linked further up the page, and it is here.
Abbreviations are spelled out once
An entry gives the full form of an acronym before it uses it, even when the acronym is the form everyone says out loud. IQF, MOQ, FCL, MRL and HS code all have an entry under the abbreviation and, where a reader would search for it, under the spelled-out term as well. The second slug is a redirect and not a second definition, so there is never a duplicate text to keep in step with the first one.
When a definition changes
Definitions taken from a regulation or from a certification scheme change when the source changes, and the entry is then rewritten rather than annotated. The review date at the foot of each entry says when the source was last read. If you are quoting a definition in a contract or in a specification, quote the source document and not this page: a glossary is a place to understand a term, not a place to cite it.
Same word, different trade
Several terms mean different things in different parts of the supply chain. Grade, class, lot and batch are the usual offenders, and the difference between a processor’s usage and a retailer’s usage has consequences in a specification. Where that happens, the entry gives both readings instead of quietly choosing one.
Start here
Three entry points that answer most first visits to this section.
Browse A to Z
The full index, jumpable by letter.
Questions
When you need the reasoning rather than the definition.
Guides
The long-form articles the definitions support.
Common questions about this section
How many terms are in the glossary?
Several hundred, and the count changes as new material is published. Use the letter index or the search box rather than scrolling.
Why is a term I searched for missing?
Either it has not been written yet or it is filed under a different form of the word. Request it through the contact page and it goes onto the list.
Are the definitions legally authoritative?
Where a definition is taken from a regulation or a standard, the source is named and that source is authoritative. Where the term is industry usage, the entry describes practice and says so.
Can I reuse a definition in my own documents?
For internal use, yes. If you are publishing it, quote a short passage and link back rather than republishing the entry.