Glossary
Glossary
Clear definitions of key terms used in international food trade, processing, logistics and quality standards for agricultural products.
- Plain-language definitions
- Grouped by category
- Kept up to date
Popular Terms
The abbreviations buyers and suppliers use most often.
Browse by Category
- agriculture28
- Allergen Management5
- beekeeping23
- Berries13
- Certifications & Standards37
- Cold Chain49
- commercial60
- customs39
- Drying & Dehydration44
- eu-regulation68
- Export Procedures26
- Food Safety91
- Freezing & Frozen Products46
- fruit-processing40
- grain-milling27
- herbs-spices-processing29
- Honey Quality32
- juice-concentrate25
- Knowledge
- lab-testing65
- labelling45
- Logistics62
- Market Trends4
- Markets8
All Terms
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Hive Frame
A hive frame is a removable wooden or plastic frame on which bees build comb inside a hive, and its…
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HMF (Hydroxymethylfurfural)
HMF (5-hydroxymethylfurfural) is a compound that forms in honey when sugars are heated or stored for a long time, especially…
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Homogenization
Homogenization is a mechanical process that forces juice or puree through a narrow gap under high pressure to reduce particle…
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Honey Authenticity
Honey authenticity is the verified assurance that honey is free from added sugars or syrups, correctly declared for botanical and…
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Honey Directive
Honey Directive 2001/110/EC is the EU instrument that defines honey and its reserved descriptions, establishes composition criteria and sets labelling…
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Honey Extraction
Honey extraction is the process of removing honey from the comb, almost always by centrifugal force in a honey extractor…
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Honey Extractor
A honey extractor is a centrifugal machine that spins uncapped honeycomb frames to fling honey from the cells into a…
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Honey Harvesting
Honey harvesting is the process of removing ripe, capped frames from the hive at the close of a nectar flow,…
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Honey Super
A honey super is a box placed above the brood chamber of a hive specifically for honey storage during a…
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Honeydew Honey
Honeydew honey definition: a honey produced by bees from the sugary secretions of plant-sucking insects on trees such as fir,…
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Hot Fill
Hot fill is a packaging process in which pasteurised liquid or semi-liquid food is filled into containers at elevated temperature…
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HS Code
HS code meaning refers to the six-digit product classification number under the international Harmonized System maintained by the World Customs…
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Humidity Control
Humidity control is the active management of relative humidity in storage and transport environments to prevent quality defects such as…
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Humidity Indicator Card
A humidity indicator card is a small chemically treated card placed inside packaging to provide a visual record of whether…
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Hygroscopicity
Hygroscopicity is the tendency of a product to absorb moisture from surrounding air, a property that directly affects caking, microbial…
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Ice Crystal Size
Ice crystal size is a measure of the dimensions of ice crystals formed during freezing, which determines the extent of…
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ICP-MS Analysis
ICP-MS analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, is a technique that measures trace elements and heavy metals such as lead,…
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Identity Check
An identity check is the physical verification at a Border Control Post that a consignment corresponds to its accompanying documents,…
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IFS Food
IFS Food standard is a GFSI-benchmarked private certification scheme that audits food manufacturers and private-label packers against food safety, quality…
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Import Duty
Import duty is the tariff charge levied on goods at the point of entry into the EU customs territory, calculated…
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Incoming Goods Inspection
Incoming goods inspection is the structured verification of delivered raw materials or finished goods against agreed specifications at the point…
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Incoterms 2020
Incoterms are the eleven standardised trade terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce, current edition Incoterms 2020, that define…
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Ingredients List
Ingredients list is the mandatory enumeration of all ingredients in a food product in descending order of weight at the…
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Inspection Belt
An inspection belt is a slow-moving conveyor that presents product to trained operators who manually remove defective pieces, foreign matter…
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Integrated Pest Management
Integrated pest management is a crop-protection strategy that combines monitoring, biological controls, cultural practices and targeted chemical treatment to keep…
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Intermodal Transport
Intermodal transport is the movement of cargo in the same loading unit, typically a container, across road, rail and sea…
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Inventory Management
Inventory management is the planning and control of stock quantities, locations and rotation to meet customer demand without excessive capital…
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Inventory Turnover
Inventory turnover is a measure of how many times stock is sold and replaced within a given period, indicating how…
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IQF (Individual Quick Freezing)
IQF, or Individual Quick Freezing, is a freezing method in which individual pieces of fruit, berries or vegetables are frozen…
How the glossary works
The glossary defines the vocabulary used across the rest of the site: trade terms, processing terms, quality parameters, certification acronyms and logistics jargon. It exists so that the guides and specification pages can use precise language without stopping to explain it every time.
Definitions, not explanations
A glossary entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it is frequently confused with. It does not walk through how to apply the concept – that is what the guides are for, and each entry links to the guide that does the work. Keeping the two apart is what stops the glossary turning into a second, worse copy of the knowledge base.
Where the definition comes from
Where a term is defined in law or in a published standard, the entry uses that definition and names the source. Where a term is industry usage with no governing text – and a great deal of trade vocabulary is exactly that – the entry says so, and describes the range of ways the term is used rather than inventing an authority for one of them.
Linking discipline
A glossary term is linked on its first mention in an article and nowhere else. That rule exists because a page with the same term linked nine times is harder to read and no more useful. If you land on an article mid-way and meet an unfamiliar term with no link, it was linked further up the page, and it is here.
Abbreviations are spelled out once
An entry gives the full form of an acronym before it uses it, even when the acronym is the form everyone says out loud. IQF, MOQ, FCL, MRL and HS code all have an entry under the abbreviation and, where a reader would search for it, under the spelled-out term as well. The second slug is a redirect and not a second definition, so there is never a duplicate text to keep in step with the first one.
When a definition changes
Definitions taken from a regulation or from a certification scheme change when the source changes, and the entry is then rewritten rather than annotated. The review date at the foot of each entry says when the source was last read. If you are quoting a definition in a contract or in a specification, quote the source document and not this page: a glossary is a place to understand a term, not a place to cite it.
Same word, different trade
Several terms mean different things in different parts of the supply chain. Grade, class, lot and batch are the usual offenders, and the difference between a processor’s usage and a retailer’s usage has consequences in a specification. Where that happens, the entry gives both readings instead of quietly choosing one.
Start here
Three entry points that answer most first visits to this section.
Browse A to Z
The full index, jumpable by letter.
Questions
When you need the reasoning rather than the definition.
Guides
The long-form articles the definitions support.
Common questions about this section
How many terms are in the glossary?
Several hundred, and the count changes as new material is published. Use the letter index or the search box rather than scrolling.
Why is a term I searched for missing?
Either it has not been written yet or it is filed under a different form of the word. Request it through the contact page and it goes onto the list.
Are the definitions legally authoritative?
Where a definition is taken from a regulation or a standard, the source is named and that source is authoritative. Where the term is industry usage, the entry describes practice and says so.
Can I reuse a definition in my own documents?
For internal use, yes. If you are publishing it, quote a short passage and link back rather than republishing the entry.
