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Glossary

Glossary

Clear definitions of key terms used in international food trade, processing, logistics and quality standards for agricultural products.

  • Plain-language definitions
  • Grouped by category
  • Kept up to date

Popular Terms

The abbreviations buyers and suppliers use most often.

All Terms

  • Rainforest Alliance

    Rainforest Alliance certification (which merged with the UTZ programme) covers sustainable agriculture, including environmental protection, biodiversity, and social and economic…

  • Rapid Alert System

    The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed, RASFF, is the EU’s notification network for direct and indirect risks to…

  • Raw Honey

    Raw honey is a market term for honey that has not been heated beyond hive-like temperatures and has not been…

  • Recrystallisation

    Recrystallisation is the growth of ice crystals during frozen storage caused by temperature fluctuations: small crystals melt and re-freeze onto…

  • Reefer Container

    A reefer container is a refrigerated shipping container with an integral cooling unit, used for temperature-controlled sea and intermodal transport.…

  • Reefer Genset

    A reefer genset (generator set) is a portable or clip-on power unit that keeps a reefer container’s cooling machine running…

  • Refined Flour

    Refined flour is produced by removing most of the bran and germ, leaving mainly the starchy endosperm. It has a…

  • Refrigerant

    A refrigerant is the working fluid in a refrigeration system that absorbs and releases heat as it evaporates and condenses.…

  • Refrigerated Transport

    Refrigerated transport is the movement of temperature-sensitive goods in insulated vehicles or containers equipped with active cooling units, from reefer…

  • Regenerative Agriculture

    Regenerative agriculture is a set of farming practices designed to restore soil health, increase biodiversity and sequester carbon, including cover…

  • Rehydration Capacity

    Rehydration capacity measures how much water a dried product reabsorbs and how quickly it recovers its original texture when soaked.…

  • Rejection Procedure

    The rejection procedure sets out how a buyer may refuse a consignment that fails to meet specification or legal requirements,…

  • Renewable Energy

    Renewable energy in food processing comes from sources such as solar, wind, biomass and biogas, replacing fossil fuels in drying,…

  • Reorder Point

    The reorder point is the stock level at which a replenishment order is triggered so that new goods arrive before…

  • Retention of Title

    A retention of title clause provides that ownership of goods passes to the buyer only upon full payment, even after…

  • RFQ (Request for Quotation)

    An RFQ, or Request for Quotation, is the buyer’s formal invitation to suppliers to quote price and conditions for a…

  • Ripeness Grading

    Ripeness grading assesses maturity by firmness, soluble solids and colour. Underripe or overripe fruit is removed because it negatively affects…

  • Roller Milling

    Roller milling uses pairs of corrugated and smooth steel rollers to progressively break grain open and reduce the endosperm into…

  • Root Vegetable Chips

    Root vegetable chips are thin slices of beetroot, carrot, parsnip or sweet potato that are fried, baked or vacuum-fried into…

  • Royal Jelly

    Royal jelly is the protein-rich secretion fed by worker bees to larvae and to the queen, harvested by grafting larvae…

  • Rules of Origin

    Rules of origin are the criteria used to determine the economic nationality of goods, distinguishing non-preferential origin used for statistics…

  • Safety Stock

    Safety stock is the additional inventory held to protect against variability in demand or supply, such as delayed transport or…

  • Salmonella

    Salmonella is a group of pathogenic bacteria and one of the most common causes of foodborne illness worldwide. It is…

  • Salmonella Testing

    Salmonella testing verifies the absence of Salmonella in defined sample quantities, as required by EU microbiological criteria for many foods.…

  • Scope 3 Emissions

    Scope 3 emissions are the indirect greenhouse gas emissions occurring in a company’s value chain, including purchased raw materials, transport…

  • Scoville Heat Units

    Scoville heat units measure the pungency of chillies and pepper products based on their capsaicinoid content, now determined by HPLC…

  • Sea Freight

    Sea freight is the transport of goods in containers by ocean vessels and the dominant mode for intercontinental food trade…

  • Secondary Packaging

    Secondary packaging groups primary packs together, typically a printed carton around retail bags or jars, providing protection, branding and shelf…

  • Seed Selection

    Seed selection chooses varieties and seed lots suited to the target market, climate and processing requirements, considering yield, disease resistance…

  • Semolina

    Semolina is the coarse, granular endosperm fraction produced during milling, most commonly from durum wheat. It is the traditional raw…

How the glossary works

The glossary defines the vocabulary used across the rest of the site: trade terms, processing terms, quality parameters, certification acronyms and logistics jargon. It exists so that the guides and specification pages can use precise language without stopping to explain it every time.

Definitions, not explanations

A glossary entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it is frequently confused with. It does not walk through how to apply the concept – that is what the guides are for, and each entry links to the guide that does the work. Keeping the two apart is what stops the glossary turning into a second, worse copy of the knowledge base.

Where the definition comes from

Where a term is defined in law or in a published standard, the entry uses that definition and names the source. Where a term is industry usage with no governing text – and a great deal of trade vocabulary is exactly that – the entry says so, and describes the range of ways the term is used rather than inventing an authority for one of them.

Linking discipline

A glossary term is linked on its first mention in an article and nowhere else. That rule exists because a page with the same term linked nine times is harder to read and no more useful. If you land on an article mid-way and meet an unfamiliar term with no link, it was linked further up the page, and it is here.

Abbreviations are spelled out once

An entry gives the full form of an acronym before it uses it, even when the acronym is the form everyone says out loud. IQF, MOQ, FCL, MRL and HS code all have an entry under the abbreviation and, where a reader would search for it, under the spelled-out term as well. The second slug is a redirect and not a second definition, so there is never a duplicate text to keep in step with the first one.

When a definition changes

Definitions taken from a regulation or from a certification scheme change when the source changes, and the entry is then rewritten rather than annotated. The review date at the foot of each entry says when the source was last read. If you are quoting a definition in a contract or in a specification, quote the source document and not this page: a glossary is a place to understand a term, not a place to cite it.

Same word, different trade

Several terms mean different things in different parts of the supply chain. Grade, class, lot and batch are the usual offenders, and the difference between a processor’s usage and a retailer’s usage has consequences in a specification. Where that happens, the entry gives both readings instead of quietly choosing one.

Start here

Three entry points that answer most first visits to this section.

Browse A to Z

The full index, jumpable by letter.

Questions

When you need the reasoning rather than the definition.

Guides

The long-form articles the definitions support.

Common questions about this section

How many terms are in the glossary?

Several hundred, and the count changes as new material is published. Use the letter index or the search box rather than scrolling.

Why is a term I searched for missing?

Either it has not been written yet or it is filed under a different form of the word. Request it through the contact page and it goes onto the list.

Are the definitions legally authoritative?

Where a definition is taken from a regulation or a standard, the source is named and that source is authoritative. Where the term is industry usage, the entry describes practice and says so.

Can I reuse a definition in my own documents?

For internal use, yes. If you are publishing it, quote a short passage and link back rather than republishing the entry.

Where to go next

Questions

Short answers to specific problems.

Guides

End-to-end walkthroughs of decisions.

Standards

Where the certification acronyms are unpacked.

Products

Specification pages using this vocabulary.

Vorezan provides informational and analytical content about agricultural products, markets, logistics and standards. We do not act as a seller, broker or guarantor of product quality or transactions.