Glossary
Glossary
Clear definitions of key terms used in international food trade, processing, logistics and quality standards for agricultural products.
- Plain-language definitions
- Grouped by category
- Kept up to date
Popular Terms
The abbreviations buyers and suppliers use most often.
Browse by Category
- agriculture28
- Allergen Management5
- beekeeping23
- Berries13
- Certifications & Standards37
- Cold Chain49
- commercial60
- customs39
- Drying & Dehydration44
- eu-regulation68
- Export Procedures26
- Food Safety91
- Freezing & Frozen Products46
- fruit-processing40
- grain-milling27
- herbs-spices-processing29
- Honey Quality32
- juice-concentrate25
- Knowledge
- lab-testing65
- labelling45
- Logistics62
- Market Trends4
- Markets8
All Terms
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Queen Bee
The queen bee is the single fertile female in a honey bee colony, responsible for egg-laying and pheromone production that…
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Quick-Frozen Directive
Quick-Frozen Directive 89/108/EEC is the EU framework instrument for quick-frozen foodstuffs, supplemented by Directives 92/1/EEC and 92/2/EEC, which set the…
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Quick-Frozen Foodstuff
Quick-frozen foodstuff is a legal category established under EU legislation for products frozen rapidly using appropriate techniques and maintained at…
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QUID Labelling
QUID labelling, meaning the quantitative indication of ingredients, is the requirement under Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 to declare the percentage…
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Rainforest Alliance
Rainforest Alliance is a private certification scheme that verifies sustainable agricultural practices covering environmental protection, biodiversity conservation and social and…
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Rapid Alert System
The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) is the EU’s notification network for direct and indirect risks to…
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Raw Honey
Raw honey is a market term for honey that has not been heated above hive temperatures and has not been…
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Recrystallisation
Recrystallisation is the growth of existing ice crystals during frozen storage, driven by temperature fluctuations, which damages cell structure, increases…
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Reefer Container
A reefer container is a refrigerated intermodal shipping container fitted with an integral cooling unit, used to maintain precise temperature…
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Reefer Genset
A reefer genset is a self-contained diesel generator unit attached to a reefer container to power its refrigeration system during…
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Refined Flour
Refined flour is flour produced by removing most of the bran and germ during milling, leaving predominantly the starchy endosperm,…
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Refrigerant
A refrigerant is the working fluid circulated within a refrigeration system that transfers heat by alternately evaporating and condensing, enabling…
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Refrigerated Transport
Refrigerated transport is the movement of temperature-sensitive food commodities in insulated vehicles, containers or rail wagons equipped with active cooling…
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Regenerative Agriculture
Regenerative agriculture is a set of farming practices designed to restore soil health, increase biodiversity and sequester carbon, including cover…
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Rejection Procedure
A rejection procedure is the contractual and operational process by which a buyer formally refuses a consignment that fails to…
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Renewable Energy
Renewable energy is energy derived from continuously replenished sources such as solar, wind, biomass and biogas, and its use in…
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Reorder Point
Reorder point is the inventory level at which a replenishment order must be placed so that new stock arrives before…
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Retention of Title
Retention of title is a contract clause under which ownership of goods remains with the seller until the buyer has…
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RFQ (Request for Quotation)
An RFQ, or Request for Quotation, is the buyer’s formal invitation to suppliers to quote price and conditions for a…
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Ripeness Grading
Ripeness grading is the assessment and separation of fruit by maturity stage, using firmness, soluble solids content and colour as…
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Roller Milling
Roller milling is the dominant industrial grain-milling process, using sequential pairs of corrugated and smooth steel rollers to break open…
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Root Vegetable Chips
Root vegetable chips are thin-sliced, fried, baked or vacuum-fried snack products made from vegetables such as beetroot, carrot or parsnip,…
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Royal Jelly
Royal jelly is the protein-rich glandular secretion produced by worker bees to feed larvae and the queen, harvested by grafting…
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Rules of Origin
Rules of origin are the criteria used to determine the economic nationality of goods, distinguishing non-preferential origin used for statistics…
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Safety Stock
Safety stock is the additional inventory held above expected demand to protect against supply or demand variability, such as transport…
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Salmonella
Salmonella is a genus of pathogenic bacteria responsible for a leading share of foodborne illness globally, subject to microbiological criteria…
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Salmonella Testing
Salmonella testing is a microbiological procedure that verifies the absence of Salmonella in a defined sample quantity, as required by…
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Scope 3 Emissions
Scope 3 emissions are the indirect greenhouse gas emissions occurring across a company’s value chain, including agricultural raw materials, transport…
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Scoville Heat Units
Scoville heat units are a measurement scale for the pungency of chilli and pepper products based on capsaicinoid concentration, now…
How the glossary works
The glossary defines the vocabulary used across the rest of the site: trade terms, processing terms, quality parameters, certification acronyms and logistics jargon. It exists so that the guides and specification pages can use precise language without stopping to explain it every time.
Definitions, not explanations
A glossary entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it is frequently confused with. It does not walk through how to apply the concept – that is what the guides are for, and each entry links to the guide that does the work. Keeping the two apart is what stops the glossary turning into a second, worse copy of the knowledge base.
Where the definition comes from
Where a term is defined in law or in a published standard, the entry uses that definition and names the source. Where a term is industry usage with no governing text – and a great deal of trade vocabulary is exactly that – the entry says so, and describes the range of ways the term is used rather than inventing an authority for one of them.
Linking discipline
A glossary term is linked on its first mention in an article and nowhere else. That rule exists because a page with the same term linked nine times is harder to read and no more useful. If you land on an article mid-way and meet an unfamiliar term with no link, it was linked further up the page, and it is here.
Abbreviations are spelled out once
An entry gives the full form of an acronym before it uses it, even when the acronym is the form everyone says out loud. IQF, MOQ, FCL, MRL and HS code all have an entry under the abbreviation and, where a reader would search for it, under the spelled-out term as well. The second slug is a redirect and not a second definition, so there is never a duplicate text to keep in step with the first one.
When a definition changes
Definitions taken from a regulation or from a certification scheme change when the source changes, and the entry is then rewritten rather than annotated. The review date at the foot of each entry says when the source was last read. If you are quoting a definition in a contract or in a specification, quote the source document and not this page: a glossary is a place to understand a term, not a place to cite it.
Same word, different trade
Several terms mean different things in different parts of the supply chain. Grade, class, lot and batch are the usual offenders, and the difference between a processor’s usage and a retailer’s usage has consequences in a specification. Where that happens, the entry gives both readings instead of quietly choosing one.
Start here
Three entry points that answer most first visits to this section.
Browse A to Z
The full index, jumpable by letter.
Questions
When you need the reasoning rather than the definition.
Guides
The long-form articles the definitions support.
Common questions about this section
How many terms are in the glossary?
Several hundred, and the count changes as new material is published. Use the letter index or the search box rather than scrolling.
Why is a term I searched for missing?
Either it has not been written yet or it is filed under a different form of the word. Request it through the contact page and it goes onto the list.
Are the definitions legally authoritative?
Where a definition is taken from a regulation or a standard, the source is named and that source is authoritative. Where the term is industry usage, the entry describes practice and says so.
Can I reuse a definition in my own documents?
For internal use, yes. If you are publishing it, quote a short passage and link back rather than republishing the entry.