Glossary
Glossary
Clear definitions of key terms used in international food trade, processing, logistics and quality standards for agricultural products.
- Plain-language definitions
- Grouped by category
- Kept up to date
Popular Terms
The abbreviations buyers and suppliers use most often.
Browse by Category
- agriculture28
- Allergen Management5
- beekeeping23
- Berries13
- Certifications & Standards37
- Cold Chain49
- commercial60
- customs39
- Drying & Dehydration44
- eu-regulation68
- Export Procedures26
- Food Safety91
- Freezing & Frozen Products46
- fruit-processing40
- grain-milling27
- herbs-spices-processing29
- Honey Quality32
- juice-concentrate25
- Knowledge
- lab-testing65
- labelling45
- Logistics62
- Market Trends4
- Markets8
All Terms
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Beehive
A beehive is the manufactured structure housing a bee colony, most commonly a movable-frame design such as the Langstroth or…
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Beetroot Powder
Beetroot powder is a dehydrated, milled ingredient produced from raw or cooked beetroot, used as a natural colourant and flavour…
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Beetroot Processing
Beetroot processing is the sequence of washing, cooking, peeling and cutting operations that converts raw beetroot into trade formats such…
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Belt Freezing
Belt freezing is a continuous IQF method in which product travels on a mesh conveyor belt through an insulated tunnel…
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Best Before Date
Best before date is the date until which a prepacked food retains its specific sensory, nutritional and microbiological properties when…
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Bill of Lading
A bill of lading is a document issued by a sea carrier that confirms receipt of cargo, evidences the contract…
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Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms within an ecosystem, including plants, animals and microorganisms, and its preservation is increasingly…
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Bioeconomy
Bioeconomy is an economic model based on renewable biological resources, including food production and the conversion of agricultural biomass and…
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Blanching
Blanching process is a brief heat treatment in hot water or steam applied to vegetables and some fruits before freezing…
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Blast Chilling
Blast chilling is the rapid reduction of product temperature using high-velocity cold air immediately after processing or cooking, bringing product…
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Block-Frozen Product
Block-frozen product is food frozen as a solid, undivided slab rather than as individual pieces, making it suitable for industrial…
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Border Control Post
A border control post is an EU-approved facility at a point of entry where consignments of animals, products of animal…
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Bran
Bran is the outer fibrous layer of a cereal grain removed during milling to produce refined flour, and is traded…
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BRCGS
BRCGS (Brand Reputation Compliance Global Standards) is a GFSI-benchmarked food safety and quality certification scheme covering HACCP, quality management, factory…
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Brix (°Bx)
Brix (°Bx) is a unit expressing the amount of soluble solids — mainly sugars — in a water solution, measured…
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Brunoise Cut
Brunoise cut is a fine dice produced by cross-cutting julienne strips into small cubes, used in soups, sauces and garnishes…
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Brush Washing
Brush washing is a mechanical cleaning process that uses rotating soft brushes to dislodge stubborn soil and surface contamination from…
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Buckwheat Honey
Buckwheat honey is a dark, strongly flavoured monofloral honey produced from buckwheat nectar, notable for high mineral and antioxidant content.…
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Bulk Packaging
Bulk packaging refers to large-format industrial containers used in B2B food supply, such as lined cartons, big bags and drums,…
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Calibration
Calibration is the mechanical or optical sorting of fruit, berries, pulses or nuts into defined size classes by diameter, weight…
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Call-Off Order
A call-off order is an individual delivery instruction released under a framework contract, specifying quantity, date and destination for one…
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Canned Legumes
Canned legumes are pulses that have been cooked, packed in brine or water and commercially sterilised in sealed metal cans…
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Carbon Footprint
Carbon footprint is a measure of the total greenhouse gas emissions associated with a product or activity, expressed in carbon…
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Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration is the capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide, notably in agricultural soils through practices that build…
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Carrot Dicing
Carrot dicing is the mechanical cutting of washed and peeled carrots into cubes of defined dimensions for use in frozen…
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Carton
A carton is a corrugated or solid fibreboard box used as the primary transport packaging unit for many food products…
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Certificate of Analysis
A certificate of analysis (CoA) is a laboratory document issued per batch that reports measured values against specification: for example…
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Certificate of Origin
A certificate of origin is an official document confirming the country where goods were produced or substantially transformed, determining eligibility…
How the glossary works
The glossary defines the vocabulary used across the rest of the site: trade terms, processing terms, quality parameters, certification acronyms and logistics jargon. It exists so that the guides and specification pages can use precise language without stopping to explain it every time.
Definitions, not explanations
A glossary entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it is frequently confused with. It does not walk through how to apply the concept – that is what the guides are for, and each entry links to the guide that does the work. Keeping the two apart is what stops the glossary turning into a second, worse copy of the knowledge base.
Where the definition comes from
Where a term is defined in law or in a published standard, the entry uses that definition and names the source. Where a term is industry usage with no governing text – and a great deal of trade vocabulary is exactly that – the entry says so, and describes the range of ways the term is used rather than inventing an authority for one of them.
Linking discipline
A glossary term is linked on its first mention in an article and nowhere else. That rule exists because a page with the same term linked nine times is harder to read and no more useful. If you land on an article mid-way and meet an unfamiliar term with no link, it was linked further up the page, and it is here.
Abbreviations are spelled out once
An entry gives the full form of an acronym before it uses it, even when the acronym is the form everyone says out loud. IQF, MOQ, FCL, MRL and HS code all have an entry under the abbreviation and, where a reader would search for it, under the spelled-out term as well. The second slug is a redirect and not a second definition, so there is never a duplicate text to keep in step with the first one.
When a definition changes
Definitions taken from a regulation or from a certification scheme change when the source changes, and the entry is then rewritten rather than annotated. The review date at the foot of each entry says when the source was last read. If you are quoting a definition in a contract or in a specification, quote the source document and not this page: a glossary is a place to understand a term, not a place to cite it.
Same word, different trade
Several terms mean different things in different parts of the supply chain. Grade, class, lot and batch are the usual offenders, and the difference between a processor’s usage and a retailer’s usage has consequences in a specification. Where that happens, the entry gives both readings instead of quietly choosing one.
Start here
Three entry points that answer most first visits to this section.
Browse A to Z
The full index, jumpable by letter.
Questions
When you need the reasoning rather than the definition.
Guides
The long-form articles the definitions support.
Common questions about this section
How many terms are in the glossary?
Several hundred, and the count changes as new material is published. Use the letter index or the search box rather than scrolling.
Why is a term I searched for missing?
Either it has not been written yet or it is filed under a different form of the word. Request it through the contact page and it goes onto the list.
Are the definitions legally authoritative?
Where a definition is taken from a regulation or a standard, the source is named and that source is authoritative. Where the term is industry usage, the entry describes practice and says so.
Can I reuse a definition in my own documents?
For internal use, yes. If you are publishing it, quote a short passage and link back rather than republishing the entry.