Glossary
Glossary
Clear definitions of key terms used in international food trade, processing, logistics and quality standards for agricultural products.
- Plain-language definitions
- Grouped by category
- Kept up to date
Popular Terms
The abbreviations buyers and suppliers use most often.
Browse by Category
- agriculture26
- Allergen Management3
- beekeeping23
- Berries15
- Certifications & Standards41
- Cold Chain53
- commercial57
- customs44
- Drying & Dehydration40
- eu-regulation70
- Export Procedures31
- Food Safety86
- Freezing & Frozen Products44
- fruit-processing42
- grain-milling23
- herbs-spices-processing27
- Honey Quality32
- juice-concentrate25
- Knowledge
- lab-testing55
- labelling44
- Logistics71
- Market Trends3
- Markets6
All Terms
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Beehive
A beehive is the manufactured structure housing a bee colony, most commonly a movable-frame design such as the Langstroth or…
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Beetroot Powder
Beetroot powder is produced by drying cooked or raw beetroot and milling it to a fine particle size. It is…
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Beetroot Processing
Beetroot processing covers washing, cooking, peeling and packing of beetroot into formats such as vacuum-packed cooked beetroot, cubes and slices.…
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Belt Freezing
Belt freezing is a continuous IQF process in which product is conveyed on a mesh belt through an insulated freezing…
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Best Before Date
The best-before date indicates the date until which a food retains its specific properties when properly stored. Food may still…
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Bill of Lading
The bill of lading (B/L) is the key document in sea freight: it is issued by the carrier, confirms receipt…
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Bill of Lading
A bill of lading is the key document in sea freight, issued by the carrier to confirm receipt of cargo…
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Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms in an ecosystem, including plants, animals and microorganisms. Agricultural practices that protect habitats,…
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Bioeconomy
The bioeconomy describes economic activity based on renewable biological resources, including food production and the conversion of biomass and by-products…
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Blanching
Blanching is a short heat treatment, in hot water or steam, applied to vegetables and some fruits before freezing. It…
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Blast Chilling
Blast chilling is the rapid cooling of product, usually from cooking or processing temperature down to 0–3 °C, using high-velocity…
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Block-Frozen Product
Block-frozen product is frozen together into a solid slab rather than piece by piece. It is cheaper to produce than…
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Border Control Post
A Border Control Post is an EU-approved facility at the point of entry where consignments of animals, products of animal…
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Bran
Bran is the outer layer of the cereal grain removed during milling to produce refined flour. It is rich in…
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BRCGS
BRCGS (Brand Reputation Compliance Global Standards) Food Safety is one of the GFSI-benchmarked certification schemes for food manufacturing and packing.…
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Brix (°Bx)
Brix (°Bx) is a unit expressing the amount of soluble solids — mainly sugars — in a water solution, measured…
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Brunoise Cut
Brunoise is a fine dice cut, usually 3 by 3 by 3 millimetres, produced by first cutting julienne strips and…
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Brush Washing
Brush washing uses rotating soft brushes to remove stubborn soil from firm fruit and vegetables such as apples, carrots and…
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Buckwheat Honey
Buckwheat honey is a dark, strongly flavoured monofloral honey produced from buckwheat nectar, notable for high mineral and antioxidant content.…
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Bulk Packaging
Bulk packaging is large-format industrial packaging intended for business customers rather than retail, such as 10–15 kg cartons with liners…
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Calibration
Calibration is the sorting of fruit or berries into uniform size classes, by diameter, weight or count, using grading machines…
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Call-Off Order
A call-off order is an individual order released under a framework contract, specifying quantity, delivery date and destination for one…
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Canned Legumes
Canned legumes are cooked pulses packed in brine or water and heat-sterilised in cans or jars. They are a ready-to-eat…
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Carbon Footprint
A carbon footprint quantifies the greenhouse gas emissions associated with a product or activity, expressed in carbon dioxide equivalents. In…
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Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration is the capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide, notably in soils through practices that build organic…
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Carrot Dicing
Carrot dicing cuts washed, peeled carrots into cubes of defined dimensions for frozen vegetable mixes, soups and ready meals. Cut…
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Carton
A carton is a box made of corrugated or solid board, one of the most common transport packagings in food…
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Certificate of Analysis
A certificate of analysis (CoA) is a laboratory document issued per batch that reports measured values against specification: for example…
How the glossary works
The glossary defines the vocabulary used across the rest of the site: trade terms, processing terms, quality parameters, certification acronyms and logistics jargon. It exists so that the guides and specification pages can use precise language without stopping to explain it every time.
Definitions, not explanations
A glossary entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it is frequently confused with. It does not walk through how to apply the concept – that is what the guides are for, and each entry links to the guide that does the work. Keeping the two apart is what stops the glossary turning into a second, worse copy of the knowledge base.
Where the definition comes from
Where a term is defined in law or in a published standard, the entry uses that definition and names the source. Where a term is industry usage with no governing text – and a great deal of trade vocabulary is exactly that – the entry says so, and describes the range of ways the term is used rather than inventing an authority for one of them.
Linking discipline
A glossary term is linked on its first mention in an article and nowhere else. That rule exists because a page with the same term linked nine times is harder to read and no more useful. If you land on an article mid-way and meet an unfamiliar term with no link, it was linked further up the page, and it is here.
Abbreviations are spelled out once
An entry gives the full form of an acronym before it uses it, even when the acronym is the form everyone says out loud. IQF, MOQ, FCL, MRL and HS code all have an entry under the abbreviation and, where a reader would search for it, under the spelled-out term as well. The second slug is a redirect and not a second definition, so there is never a duplicate text to keep in step with the first one.
When a definition changes
Definitions taken from a regulation or from a certification scheme change when the source changes, and the entry is then rewritten rather than annotated. The review date at the foot of each entry says when the source was last read. If you are quoting a definition in a contract or in a specification, quote the source document and not this page: a glossary is a place to understand a term, not a place to cite it.
Same word, different trade
Several terms mean different things in different parts of the supply chain. Grade, class, lot and batch are the usual offenders, and the difference between a processor’s usage and a retailer’s usage has consequences in a specification. Where that happens, the entry gives both readings instead of quietly choosing one.
Start here
Three entry points that answer most first visits to this section.
Browse A to Z
The full index, jumpable by letter.
Questions
When you need the reasoning rather than the definition.
Guides
The long-form articles the definitions support.
Common questions about this section
How many terms are in the glossary?
Several hundred, and the count changes as new material is published. Use the letter index or the search box rather than scrolling.
Why is a term I searched for missing?
Either it has not been written yet or it is filed under a different form of the word. Request it through the contact page and it goes onto the list.
Are the definitions legally authoritative?
Where a definition is taken from a regulation or a standard, the source is named and that source is authoritative. Where the term is industry usage, the entry describes practice and says so.
Can I reuse a definition in my own documents?
For internal use, yes. If you are publishing it, quote a short passage and link back rather than republishing the entry.