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Glossary

Glossary

Clear definitions of key terms used in international food trade, processing, logistics and quality standards for agricultural products.

  • Plain-language definitions
  • Grouped by category
  • Kept up to date

Popular Terms

The abbreviations buyers and suppliers use most often.

All Terms

  • Physical Check

    A physical check involves direct examination of the goods, which may include inspection of the product, its packaging and labelling,…

  • Phytic Acid

    Phytic acid is the main phosphorus storage form in pulse seeds and chelates minerals such as iron and zinc, reducing…

  • Phytosanitary Certificate

    A phytosanitary certificate is an official document issued by the plant-protection authority of the exporting country confirming that the consignment…

  • Pitting

    Pitting removes stones from cherries, sour cherries, plums and apricots using pitting machines. Pitted fruit is subsequently checked for remaining…

  • Plant Protection Products

    Plant protection products are substances used to protect crops from pests, diseases and weeds, including fungicides, insecticides and herbicides. Their…

  • Plate Freezing

    Plate freezing presses product between hollow metal plates through which refrigerant circulates. It freezes product into uniform blocks or bricks…

  • Pollinator Protection

    Pollinator protection covers measures that safeguard bees and other pollinators in agricultural landscapes, including habitat provision, responsible pesticide use and…

  • Polyethylene Bag

    A polyethylene (PE) bag is a food-grade plastic bag used as an inner liner inside cartons for frozen fruit and…

  • Polyphenols

    Polyphenols are a large group of plant compounds with antioxidant properties, abundant in berries, dark honeys, herbs and some grains.…

  • Port of Discharge

    The port of discharge is the port where cargo is unloaded from the vessel. It determines onward transport arrangements and…

  • Port of Loading

    The port of loading is the port where cargo is loaded onto the vessel, as stated on the bill of…

  • Post-Harvest Handling

    Post-harvest handling covers all operations between harvest and processing or sale, including cooling, cleaning, sorting, grading and packing. Rapid removal…

  • Potato Blanching

    Potato blanching applies hot water or steam to cut potatoes before drying or frying. It inactivates enzymes, removes surface sugars…

  • Potato Curing

    Potato curing holds freshly harvested tubers at moderate temperature and high humidity for one to two weeks so that skin…

  • Potato Cutting

    Potato cutting shapes peeled tubers into strips, cubes, slices or wedges using blade arrays set to the required dimensions. Cut…

  • Potato Defects

    Potato defects include hollow heart, black spot, scab, greening, rot and growth cracks. Defect tolerances are defined per grade and…

  • Potato Flakes

    Potato flakes are produced by cooking, mashing and drum-drying potatoes into thin sheets that are broken into flakes. They rehydrate…

  • Potato Grading

    Potato grading sorts tubers by size, typically in millimetre ranges, and removes undersized, oversized and defective tubers. Uniform sizing is…

  • Potato Starch

    Potato starch is extracted by rasping potatoes, washing the starch out of the pulp and drying the starch milk. It…

  • Potato Storage

    Potato storage keeps tubers in dark, ventilated stores at controlled temperature to suppress sprouting and disease. Temperature is set per…

  • Pre-Cooling

    Pre-cooling is the rapid removal of field heat from fresh produce immediately after harvest, before packing or transport. It dramatically…

  • Pre-Notification

    Pre-notification is the advance electronic notice given to a Border Control Post about an incoming consignment subject to official controls,…

  • Precautionary Allergen Labelling

    Precautionary allergen labelling, such as may contain statements, warns of possible unintended presence of allergens due to cross-contact. It must…

  • Precision Agriculture

    Precision agriculture uses GPS, sensors, drones and data analytics to manage field variability, applying inputs at variable rates where they…

  • Preferential Origin

    Preferential origin allows goods to enter the EU at reduced or zero duty under a trade arrangement, such as the…

  • Press Cake

    Press cake is the solid residue left after mechanical pressing of oilseeds, still containing a moderate amount of oil. It…

  • Price Review Clause

    A price review clause allows contract prices to be adjusted at defined intervals or on defined triggers, such as raw…

  • Primary Packaging

    Primary packaging is the material that first envelops the product and is in direct contact with it, such as a…

  • Product Specification

    A product specification is the agreed document defining all requirements for a product: identity, composition, physical and chemical parameters, microbiology,…

  • Proline

    Proline is the dominant free amino acid in honey, contributed mainly by bees during ripening. Its content is used as…

How the glossary works

The glossary defines the vocabulary used across the rest of the site: trade terms, processing terms, quality parameters, certification acronyms and logistics jargon. It exists so that the guides and specification pages can use precise language without stopping to explain it every time.

Definitions, not explanations

A glossary entry says what a term means and, where it matters, what it is frequently confused with. It does not walk through how to apply the concept – that is what the guides are for, and each entry links to the guide that does the work. Keeping the two apart is what stops the glossary turning into a second, worse copy of the knowledge base.

Where the definition comes from

Where a term is defined in law or in a published standard, the entry uses that definition and names the source. Where a term is industry usage with no governing text – and a great deal of trade vocabulary is exactly that – the entry says so, and describes the range of ways the term is used rather than inventing an authority for one of them.

Linking discipline

A glossary term is linked on its first mention in an article and nowhere else. That rule exists because a page with the same term linked nine times is harder to read and no more useful. If you land on an article mid-way and meet an unfamiliar term with no link, it was linked further up the page, and it is here.

Abbreviations are spelled out once

An entry gives the full form of an acronym before it uses it, even when the acronym is the form everyone says out loud. IQF, MOQ, FCL, MRL and HS code all have an entry under the abbreviation and, where a reader would search for it, under the spelled-out term as well. The second slug is a redirect and not a second definition, so there is never a duplicate text to keep in step with the first one.

When a definition changes

Definitions taken from a regulation or from a certification scheme change when the source changes, and the entry is then rewritten rather than annotated. The review date at the foot of each entry says when the source was last read. If you are quoting a definition in a contract or in a specification, quote the source document and not this page: a glossary is a place to understand a term, not a place to cite it.

Same word, different trade

Several terms mean different things in different parts of the supply chain. Grade, class, lot and batch are the usual offenders, and the difference between a processor’s usage and a retailer’s usage has consequences in a specification. Where that happens, the entry gives both readings instead of quietly choosing one.

Start here

Three entry points that answer most first visits to this section.

Browse A to Z

The full index, jumpable by letter.

Questions

When you need the reasoning rather than the definition.

Guides

The long-form articles the definitions support.

Common questions about this section

How many terms are in the glossary?

Several hundred, and the count changes as new material is published. Use the letter index or the search box rather than scrolling.

Why is a term I searched for missing?

Either it has not been written yet or it is filed under a different form of the word. Request it through the contact page and it goes onto the list.

Are the definitions legally authoritative?

Where a definition is taken from a regulation or a standard, the source is named and that source is authoritative. Where the term is industry usage, the entry describes practice and says so.

Can I reuse a definition in my own documents?

For internal use, yes. If you are publishing it, quote a short passage and link back rather than republishing the entry.

Where to go next

Questions

Short answers to specific problems.

Guides

End-to-end walkthroughs of decisions.

Standards

Where the certification acronyms are unpacked.

Products

Specification pages using this vocabulary.

Vorezan provides informational and analytical content about agricultural products, markets, logistics and standards. We do not act as a seller, broker or guarantor of product quality or transactions.