Glossary
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Decortication
Decortication, or dehulling, removes the outer husk or shell from oilseeds such as sunflower and soybean before pressing. Removing the…
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Deep Freezing
Deep freezing means lowering the product core temperature to −18 °C or colder and keeping it there. The term is…
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Defatted Meal
Defatted meal is oilseed meal from which nearly all oil has been removed by solvent extraction, leaving low residual oil…
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Defect Classification
Defect classification defines and categorises imperfections allowed in a product lot, such as crushed berries, stems, leaves, unripe or damaged…
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Deforestation-Free Supply Chains
Deforestation-free supply chains ensure that commodities were not produced on land deforested after a defined cut-off date. The EU Deforestation…
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Defrost Cycle
A defrost cycle is the periodic melting of frost that builds up on the evaporator coils of a freezer or…
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Degumming
Degumming removes phospholipids, or gums, from crude oil by treating it with water, acid or enzymes and separating the hydrated…
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Delivery Schedule
A delivery schedule is the agreed timetable of consignments under a contract, listing quantities, dates and destinations over the season…
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Delivery Window
A delivery window is the agreed time slot in which a shipment must arrive at the receiving point, such as…
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Demurrage
Demurrage is a charge levied by the shipping line or terminal when a full container stays at the port beyond…
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Demurrage
Demurrage is the charge levied when a container remains at the terminal beyond the allowed free time after vessel discharge.…
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Deodorization
Deodorization strips volatile odour and flavour compounds from oil by steam distillation under high temperature and vacuum. It produces a…
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Desiccant
A desiccant is a moisture-absorbing substance, such as silica gel, placed inside packaging to keep the headspace dry. Desiccants protect…
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Destemming
Destemming mechanically removes stems and stalks from strawberries, cherries and berries. It is usually performed before washing or freezing, and…
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Detention
Detention is a charge for keeping the carrier’s container outside the port or terminal beyond the allowed free time, for…
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Detention Charges
Detention charges apply when a container is held by the consignee outside the terminal beyond the agreed free time before…
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Diastase Number
The diastase number measures the activity of the enzyme diastase (amylase) in honey, expressed on the Schade scale. The Codex…
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Dice Cut
A dice cut produces vegetable cubes of defined dimensions, commonly from 5 to 20 millimetres. Dice size is a contractual…
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Dispute Resolution
Dispute resolution provisions set the path for handling disagreements, often escalating from negotiation to mediation and then to arbitration or…
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Distance Selling Labelling
Distance selling rules require that for food sold online or by catalogue, all mandatory particulars except the durability date be…
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Documentary Check
A documentary check is the examination of the documents accompanying a consignment, including health certificates, commercial documents and transport records,…
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Dried Mushrooms
Dried mushrooms are dehydrated to low moisture, typically below 12 percent, concentrating flavour and enabling ambient storage. Rehydration ratio, slice…
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Drip Irrigation
Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the root zone through emitters, minimising evaporation and runoff compared with overhead systems. It…
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Drum Packaging
Drum packaging uses steel, plastic or fibre drums, typically 100–220 litres, for semi-liquid or bulk products such as fruit purees,…
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Dry Ice
Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide at about −78.5 °C, used as a refrigerant for small shipments, samples and short-duration…
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Dry Matter
Dry matter is the portion of a product that remains after all water is removed, expressed as a percentage of…
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E Number
An E number is the code assigned to a food additive authorised in the EU, combining the letter E with…
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ELISA Testing
ELISA is an immunoassay using antibodies to detect and quantify specific substances. In food laboratories it screens for allergen cross-contact,…
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Enzyme Activity
Enzyme activity measures the working strength of natural enzymes in a product. In honey, diastase activity verifies gentle processing; in…
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Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium used as an indicator of faecal contamination and general hygiene in food production.…
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Essential Oil
Essential oil is the volatile aromatic fraction of a herb or spice, usually obtained by steam distillation. It is used…
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Ethylene Management
Ethylene is a natural plant hormone that accelerates ripening and senescence of fresh fruit and vegetables. In chilled storage and…
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EUR.1
A movement certificate proving the origin of goods, used to claim preferential tariff treatment under certain trade agre
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EUR.1 Movement Certificate
The EUR.1 is a movement certificate used to claim preferential import duties under free-trade agreements. For trade between Ukraine and…
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Evaporation
Evaporation removes water from juice under vacuum at reduced temperature, usually in multi-effect or falling-film evaporators. Operating under vacuum lowers…
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Exclusivity Agreement
An exclusivity agreement grants one party exclusive rights, for example a buyer’s exclusive right to purchase a producer’s output of…
