Glossary
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Hot Fill
Hot fill is a packaging process in which pasteurised liquid or semi-liquid food is filled into containers at elevated temperature…
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HS Code
HS code meaning refers to the six-digit product classification number under the international Harmonized System maintained by the World Customs…
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Humidity Control
Humidity control is the active management of relative humidity in storage and transport environments to prevent quality defects such as…
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Humidity Indicator Card
A humidity indicator card is a small chemically treated card placed inside packaging to provide a visual record of whether…
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Hygroscopicity
Hygroscopicity is the tendency of a product to absorb moisture from surrounding air, a property that directly affects caking, microbial…
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Ice Crystal Size
Ice crystal size is a measure of the dimensions of ice crystals formed during freezing, which determines the extent of…
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ICP-MS Analysis
ICP-MS analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, is a technique that measures trace elements and heavy metals such as lead,…
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Identity Check
An identity check is the physical verification at a Border Control Post that a consignment corresponds to its accompanying documents,…
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IFS Food
IFS Food standard is a GFSI-benchmarked private certification scheme that audits food manufacturers and private-label packers against food safety, quality…
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Import Duty
Import duty is the tariff charge levied on goods at the point of entry into the EU customs territory, calculated…
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Incoming Goods Inspection
Incoming goods inspection is the structured verification of delivered raw materials or finished goods against agreed specifications at the point…
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Incoterms 2020
Incoterms are the eleven standardised trade terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce, current edition Incoterms 2020, that define…
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Ingredients List
Ingredients list is the mandatory enumeration of all ingredients in a food product in descending order of weight at the…
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Inspection Belt
An inspection belt is a slow-moving conveyor that presents product to trained operators who manually remove defective pieces, foreign matter…
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Integrated Pest Management
Integrated pest management is a crop-protection strategy that combines monitoring, biological controls, cultural practices and targeted chemical treatment to keep…
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Intermodal Transport
Intermodal transport is the movement of cargo in the same loading unit, typically a container, across road, rail and sea…
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Inventory Management
Inventory management is the planning and control of stock quantities, locations and rotation to meet customer demand without excessive capital…
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Inventory Turnover
Inventory turnover is a measure of how many times stock is sold and replaced within a given period, indicating how…
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IQF (Individual Quick Freezing)
IQF, or Individual Quick Freezing, is a freezing method in which individual pieces of fruit, berries or vegetables are frozen…
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Irradiation
Irradiation is a food treatment that exposes product to ionising radiation to reduce microbial load and pests, and is subject…
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ISO 14001
ISO 14001 is the international standard for environmental management systems, requiring organisations to identify their environmental impacts, comply with applicable…
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ISO 22000
ISO 22000 is the international standard for food safety management systems, integrating HACCP principles, prerequisite programmes and management-system requirements into…
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ISO 9001
ISO 9001 is the internationally recognised standard for quality management systems, specifying requirements for consistent processes, customer focus, corrective action…
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Juice Clarification
Juice clarification is the processing stage that removes suspended solids, pectin and haze-forming compounds from raw juice through enzymatic depectinisation,…
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Juice Concentrate
Juice concentrate meaning: juice from which most water has been removed by evaporation, reducing volume for transport and storage while…
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Juice Pasteurization
Juice pasteurization is a heat treatment applied to juice at a defined temperature and duration sufficient to inactivate spoilage microorganisms…
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Juice Yield
Juice yield is the quantity of juice obtained from a given mass of raw fruit, expressed as a percentage or…
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Julienne Cut
Julienne cut is a thin strip cut applied to vegetables such as carrots, celery and peppers, producing uniform pieces that…
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Kernel Sorting
Kernel sorting is the separation of shelled nut kernels by size, colour and integrity to remove shell fragments, discoloured pieces…
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Kjeldahl Method
The Kjeldahl method is a reference laboratory procedure for determining protein content by acid digestion, ammonia distillation and titration, with…
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Kosher Certification
Kosher certification is a private scheme under which a recognised rabbinical authority verifies that a product’s ingredients, processing aids and…
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LC-MS/MS Analysis
LC-MS/MS analysis couples liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to identify and quantify non-volatile and thermolabile compounds, including pesticide residues,…
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Lead Time
Lead time is the total period between placing an order and receiving the goods, encompassing production or packing, document preparation,…
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Lectins
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins found naturally in raw legumes that can cause digestive upset or toxicity if consumed in active…
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Legal Name
Legal name is the name prescribed by EU or national legislation for a food product, such as reserved descriptions for…
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Less than Truck Load
Less than truck load describes shipments too small to fill a trailer, which are consolidated with other cargo. For temperature-controlled…
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Letter of Credit
A letter of credit is a payment instrument in which the buyer’s bank undertakes to pay the seller upon presentation…
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Letter of Intent
A letter of intent is a pre-contractual document recording the parties’ preliminary understanding of a planned transaction, identifying which provisions…
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Life Cycle Assessment
Life cycle assessment is a structured analytical method that quantifies the environmental impacts of a product across all stages from…
