Glossary
Q
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Governing Law Clause
The governing law clause determines which country’s law applies to the contract and to disputes arising from it. In cross-border…
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Grain Cleaning
Grain cleaning removes impurities from harvested grain before milling or storage, including dust, straw, weed seeds, broken kernels and foreign…
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Grain Conditioning
Grain conditioning, or tempering, adds water to wheat and rests it before milling so the bran toughens and the endosperm…
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Grain Drying
Grain drying reduces the moisture content of freshly harvested grain to a safe storage level, typically below 14–15 percent for…
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Grain Storage
Grain storage keeps cleaned, dried grain in silos or bins under controlled temperature and aeration to preserve quality until milling.…
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Green Manure
Green manure is a crop grown specifically to be incorporated into the soil while green, adding organic matter and nutrients,…
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Gross Weight
Gross weight is the total weight of the goods including all packaging, pallets and securing materials. It is used in…
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Ground Spices
Ground spices are milled to a powder that releases flavour quickly but loses aroma faster than whole spices. For this…
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Groupage
Groupage is the consolidation of several smaller consignments from different shippers into one load to share transport costs. In food…
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HACCP
HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) is a preventive food-safety system that identifies biological, chemical and physical hazards and…
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Hail Nets
Hail nets are protective mesh canopies installed over orchards and berry plantations to shield crops from hail damage and, in…
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Halal Certification
Halal certification confirms that a product and its production process comply with Islamic dietary requirements and are overseen by an…
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Hard-to-Cook Defect
The hard-to-cook defect is a storage-induced condition in which pulses fail to soften during normal cooking. It develops when pulses…
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Harvest Maturity
Harvest maturity is the stage of ripeness at which fruit is picked, determining final flavour, sugar content, colour, texture and…
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Harvest Timing
Harvest timing selects the moment of picking or cutting when a crop reaches the optimum balance of maturity, quality and…
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Harvest Year
The harvest year identifies the season in which honey was extracted. Buyers and tenders often specify the current or most…
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Hazard Analysis
Hazard analysis is the first principle of HACCP: the systematic identification and assessment of biological, chemical and physical hazards that…
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Health Certificate
A health certificate is an official document issued by the competent authority of the exporting country attesting that a consignment…
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Health Claims Regulation
Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 harmonises nutrition and health claims on foods in the EU, permitting only claims that are truthful,…
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Heather Honey
Heather honey, from Calluna vulgaris, is a distinctive honey with a thixotropic, gel-like texture, strong aroma and high moisture tolerance:…
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Heavy Metals
Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury can occur in food through soil, water or air contamination. The…
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Herb Cutting
Herb cutting reduces dried herbs to defined particle sizes, from whole leaf through cut and rubbed grades to fine flakes.…
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Herb Harvesting
Herb harvesting cuts aromatic plants at the growth stage when essential oil content is highest, usually just before or during…
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Herb Washing
Herb washing rinses freshly cut herbs with clean water to remove soil, dust, insects and field contaminants. It must be…
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Hexane
Hexane is the hydrocarbon solvent most widely used in industrial oilseed extraction because it efficiently dissolves oil and is easily…
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Hive Frame
A hive frame is a removable wooden or plastic frame on which bees build comb inside the hive. Frames hold…
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HMF (Hydroxymethylfurfural)
HMF (5-hydroxymethylfurfural) is a compound that forms in honey when sugars are heated or stored for a long time, especially…
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Homogenization
Homogenization forces juice or puree through a narrow gap under high pressure to break down particles and stabilise the suspension.…
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Honey Authenticity
Honey authenticity is the verification that honey is genuine and unadulterated: free of added sugars or syrups, correctly declared for…
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Honey Directive
Directive 2001/110/EC defines honey and its reserved descriptions, sets composition criteria such as moisture and sugar content, and lays down…
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Honey Extraction
Honey extraction is the process of removing honey from the comb, almost always by centrifugal force in a honey extractor…
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Honey Extractor
A honey extractor is a centrifuge that spins uncapped frames so honey is flung out of the cells, collected and…
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Honey Harvesting
Honey harvesting removes capped honey frames from the hive when moisture content is low enough for stable storage. Harvest timing…
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Honey Super
A honey super is a box placed above the brood chamber of a hive specifically for honey storage during a…
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Honeydew Honey
Honeydew honey is produced by bees from secretions of plant-sucking insects on trees, such as fir, pine and oak, rather…
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Hot Fill
Hot fill packs pasteurised juices into bottles or jars at elevated temperature so the product sterilises the container surface before…
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HS Code
An HS code is the six-digit classification number assigned to a product under the international Harmonized System maintained by the…
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Humidity Control
Humidity control means maintaining the appropriate relative humidity in storage: high humidity (around 90 percent or more) for many chilled…
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Humidity Indicator Card
A humidity indicator card is a small card with chemically treated spots that change colour at defined relative-humidity levels. Placed…