PCR testing, polymerase chain reaction testing, is a molecular technique that amplifies specific DNA sequences in a food sample to identify species, verify botanical or animal origin, and detect the presence of genetically modified material or undeclared ingredients.
In trade practice
In grain and oilseed trade, PCR testing is used to verify that consignments described as non-GMO do not contain genetically modified material above the threshold set in Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 and related instruments. For honey, PCR-based methods can confirm botanical origin by identifying pollen DNA, supporting varietal claims such as acacia or sunflower honey. Laboratories must use validated, accredited methods, as the sensitivity and specificity of PCR vary significantly between kits and protocols. A common mistake is relying on PCR alone for GMO compliance without confirming that the method covers all approved and unauthorised GM events relevant to the commodity.
In a specification
A specification requiring non-GMO status should reference Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003, specify that PCR testing must be conducted by an ISO/IEC 17025-accredited laboratory, and state which GM events the test must cover.