Incoming goods inspection is the structured verification of delivered raw materials or finished goods against agreed specifications at the point of receipt, covering documents, physical condition and laboratory sampling, and determines whether a lot is accepted, rejected or held.
In trade practice
On arrival, QA staff check transport documents, certificates of analysis, organic or phytosanitary certificates and temperature records before unloading begins. Physical checks cover packaging integrity, labelling, odour and, for frozen goods, product temperature and signs of thaw-refreeze. Samples are drawn according to a defined sampling plan and submitted for sensory assessment and, where required, laboratory testing for microbiological, chemical or authenticity parameters. Results are recorded against the purchase specification and feed into the supplier performance system; lots that fail are placed on hold pending investigation or returned to the supplier.
In a specification
A purchase specification or supplier quality agreement states the sampling plan, parameters to be checked at receipt, acceptance criteria and the procedure for handling non-conforming lots.